{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2573721766","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21437/slate.2015-18","title":"Analysis of phone errors in computer recognition of children\u2019s speech","display_name":"Analysis of phone errors in computer recognition of children\u2019s speech","publication_year":2015,"publication_date":"2015-09-04","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2573721766","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21437/slate.2015-18","mag":"2573721766"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.21437/slate.2015-18","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.21437/slate.2015-18","pdf_url":"https://www.isca-archive.org/slate_2015/fringi15_slate.pdf","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Speech and Language Technology in Education (SLaTE 2015)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.isca-archive.org/slate_2015/fringi15_slate.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":null},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052732680","display_name":"Eva Fringi","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210142140","display_name":"Walt Disney (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/04eg47h42","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210142140"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79619799","display_name":"University of Birmingham","ror":"https://ror.org/03angcq70","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79619799"]}],"countries":["GB","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Eva Fringi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Disney Research Pittsburgh, 4720 Forbes Avenue Lower Level, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA","School of Electronic Electrical and Systems Engineering, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Disney Research Pittsburgh, 4720 Forbes Avenue Lower Level, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210142140"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic Electrical and Systems Engineering, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79619799"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075945110","display_name":"Jill Fain Lehman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7906-4899"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210142140","display_name":"Walt Disney (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/04eg47h42","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210142140"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jill Fain Lehman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Disney Research Pittsburgh, 4720 Forbes Avenue Lower Level, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Disney Research Pittsburgh, 4720 Forbes Avenue Lower Level, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210142140"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079477816","display_name":"Martin Russell","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8324-4961"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79619799","display_name":"University of Birmingham","ror":"https://ror.org/03angcq70","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79619799"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Martin Russell","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic Electrical and Systems Engineering, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic Electrical and Systems Engineering, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79619799"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.19537287,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"101","last_page":"105"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10201","display_name":"Speech Recognition and Synthesis","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10201","display_name":"Speech Recognition and Synthesis","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10860","display_name":"Speech and Audio Processing","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10403","display_name":"Phonetics and Phonology Research","score":0.9944000244140625,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phone","display_name":"Phone","score":0.7258765697479248},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-recognition","display_name":"Speech recognition","score":0.6875673532485962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-error","display_name":"Speech error","score":0.6042974591255188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.597663164138794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/timit","display_name":"TIMIT","score":0.5471046566963196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pronunciation","display_name":"Pronunciation","score":0.5335935354232788},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/confusion","display_name":"Confusion","score":0.5118455290794373},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intelligibility","display_name":"Intelligibility (philosophy)","score":0.42868319153785706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.39943206310272217},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/audiology","display_name":"Audiology","score":0.35099339485168457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-production","display_name":"Speech production","score":0.3323076367378235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hidden-markov-model","display_name":"Hidden Markov model","score":0.2168368399143219},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linguistics","display_name":"Linguistics","score":0.153855562210083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.08376964926719666}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778707766","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q202064","display_name":"Phone","level":2,"score":0.7258765697479248},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.6875673532485962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C541956065","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2250680","display_name":"Speech error","level":3,"score":0.6042974591255188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.597663164138794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778724510","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7670405","display_name":"TIMIT","level":3,"score":0.5471046566963196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780844864","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q184377","display_name":"Pronunciation","level":2,"score":0.5335935354232788},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781140086","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q557945","display_name":"Confusion","level":2,"score":0.5118455290794373},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60048801","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1433889","display_name":"Intelligibility (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.42868319153785706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.39943206310272217},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C548259974","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q569965","display_name":"Audiology","level":1,"score":0.35099339485168457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43617652","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7575399","display_name":"Speech production","level":2,"score":0.3323076367378235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23224414","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176769","display_name":"Hidden Markov model","level":2,"score":0.2168368399143219},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.153855562210083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.08376964926719666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11171543","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41630","display_name":"Psychoanalysis","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.21437/slate.2015-18","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.21437/slate.2015-18","pdf_url":"https://www.isca-archive.org/slate_2015/fringi15_slate.pdf","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Speech and Language Technology in Education (SLaTE 2015)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.21437/slate.2015-18","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.21437/slate.2015-18","pdf_url":"https://www.isca-archive.org/slate_2015/fringi15_slate.pdf","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Speech and Language Technology in Education (SLaTE 2015)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2573721766.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2573721766.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":19,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W203970584","https://openalex.org/W1562811233","https://openalex.org/W1602647678","https://openalex.org/W1971042741","https://openalex.org/W1994888226","https://openalex.org/W2056914870","https://openalex.org/W2100118853","https://openalex.org/W2100969003","https://openalex.org/W2108696621","https://openalex.org/W2115002762","https://openalex.org/W2117620049","https://openalex.org/W2120316500","https://openalex.org/W2146871184","https://openalex.org/W2155941368","https://openalex.org/W2160815625","https://openalex.org/W2164181499","https://openalex.org/W2164931619","https://openalex.org/W2401012780","https://openalex.org/W6677994422"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2164483251","https://openalex.org/W2119031475","https://openalex.org/W2125317136","https://openalex.org/W4385881044","https://openalex.org/W1977838979","https://openalex.org/W893232432","https://openalex.org/W2287505527","https://openalex.org/W2107005922","https://openalex.org/W48885026","https://openalex.org/W2136643121"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Automatic":[0],"speech":[1,6,86,158,194],"recognition":[2,59],"(ASR)":[3],"for":[4,11,67,84,95,112,130,143,156,167],"children's":[5,56,144,157,193],"is":[7,26,42],"more":[8,138],"difficult":[9],"than":[10],"adults'":[12],"speech.":[13,57,145],"This":[14],"paper":[15],"explores":[16],"two":[17],"explanations":[18],"of":[19,77,98,116],"this":[20],"phenomenon,":[21],"namely":[22],"(A)":[23],"that":[24,40,51,83,150,185],"it":[25,41],"due":[27,43],"to":[28,44,101,128,152,176],"predictable":[29],"phonological":[30,103,161],"effects":[31],"associated":[32,120,163],"with":[33,82,121,164,187],"language":[34,165],"acquisition":[35],"in":[36,48,55,91,141,180,192],"children,":[37,96],"or":[38],"(B)":[39],"the":[45,78,131,147,171,181,188,197],"general":[46,122],"increase":[47],"acoustic":[49,123,190],"variability":[50,124,191],"has":[52],"been":[53],"observed":[54],"Phone":[58],"experiments":[60],"are":[61,174],"conducted":[62],"on":[63],"hand":[64],"labelled":[65],"data":[66],"children":[68],"aged":[69],"between":[70],"5":[71],"and":[72,118,184],"6.":[73],"A":[74,106],"statistical":[75],"comparison":[76],"resulting":[79],"confusion":[80],"matrix":[81],"adult":[85],"(TIMIT)":[87],"shows":[88,136],"significant":[89,178],"increases":[90],"phone":[92],"substitution":[93],"rates":[94],"some":[97],"which":[99],"correspond":[100],"established":[102],"phenomena":[104,162],"(type":[105,125],"errors).":[107],"However":[108],"these":[109],"only":[110],"account":[111,129],"a":[113],"small":[114],"proportion":[115],"errors,":[117],"those":[119],"B)":[126],"appear":[127],"majority.":[132],"The":[133],"study":[134],"also":[135],"significantly":[137],"deletion":[139],"errors":[140],"ASR":[142,154],"Overall,":[146],"results":[148],"suggest":[149],"attempts":[151],"improve":[153],"accuracy":[155],"by":[159,169],"accommodating":[160],"acquisition,":[166],"example":[168],"changing":[170],"pronunciation":[172],"dictionary,":[173],"unlikely":[175],"deliver":[177],"success":[179],"short":[182],"term,":[183],"coping":[186],"increased":[189],"should":[195],"be":[196],"immediate":[198],"priority.":[199]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}