{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2399644537","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21437/slate.2011-10","title":"Introducing difficulty-levels in pronunciation learning","display_name":"Introducing difficulty-levels in pronunciation learning","publication_year":2011,"publication_date":"2011-08-24","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2399644537","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21437/slate.2011-10","mag":"2399644537"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.21437/slate.2011-10","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.21437/slate.2011-10","pdf_url":"https://www.isca-archive.org/slate_2011/kane11_slate.pdf","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Speech and Language Technology in Education (SLaTE 2011)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.isca-archive.org/slate_2011/kane11_slate.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064758243","display_name":"M. Kane","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4558-4284"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I100930933","display_name":"University College Dublin","ror":"https://ror.org/05m7pjf47","country_code":"IE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I100930933"]}],"countries":["IE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mark Kane","raw_affiliation_strings":["CNGL, School of Computer Science and Informatics, University College Dublin, Ireland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"CNGL, School of Computer Science and Informatics, University College Dublin, Ireland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I100930933"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001405685","display_name":"Jo\u00e3o P. Cabral","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9298-1787"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I100930933","display_name":"University College Dublin","ror":"https://ror.org/05m7pjf47","country_code":"IE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I100930933"]}],"countries":["IE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jo\u00e3o P. Cabral","raw_affiliation_strings":["CNGL, School of Computer Science and Informatics, University College Dublin, Ireland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"CNGL, School of Computer Science and Informatics, University College Dublin, Ireland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I100930933"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037899058","display_name":"Amalia Zahra","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3454-6485"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I100930933","display_name":"University College Dublin","ror":"https://ror.org/05m7pjf47","country_code":"IE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I100930933"]}],"countries":["IE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Amalia Zahra","raw_affiliation_strings":["CNGL, School of Computer Science and Informatics, University College Dublin, Ireland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"CNGL, School of Computer Science and Informatics, University College Dublin, Ireland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I100930933"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046306415","display_name":"Julie Carson-Berndsen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1851-3643"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I100930933","display_name":"University College Dublin","ror":"https://ror.org/05m7pjf47","country_code":"IE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I100930933"]}],"countries":["IE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Julie Carson-Berndsen","raw_affiliation_strings":["CNGL, School of Computer Science and Informatics, University College Dublin, Ireland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"CNGL, School of Computer Science and Informatics, University College Dublin, Ireland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I100930933"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5037899058"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I100930933"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.8732,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.79693965,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"37","last_page":"40"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10403","display_name":"Phonetics and Phonology Research","score":0.9983999729156494,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10403","display_name":"Phonetics and Phonology Research","score":0.9983999729156494,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12031","display_name":"Speech and dialogue systems","score":0.992900013923645,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10201","display_name":"Speech Recognition and Synthesis","score":0.9901999831199646,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pronunciation","display_name":"Pronunciation","score":0.9564542770385742},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/underspecification","display_name":"Underspecification","score":0.8965213298797607},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7579675912857056},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/indonesian","display_name":"Indonesian","score":0.6662618517875671},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/task","display_name":"Task (project management)","score":0.637187123298645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.6157787442207336},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.5830624103546143},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5473102331161499},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linguistics","display_name":"Linguistics","score":0.5450783371925354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/portuguese","display_name":"Portuguese","score":0.5344616174697876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/language-acquisition","display_name":"Language acquisition","score":0.4128366708755493},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/second-language","display_name":"Second language","score":0.4118937849998474},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psycholinguistics","display_name":"Psycholinguistics","score":0.4103166460990906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-recognition","display_name":"Speech recognition","score":0.3359962999820709},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.22139933705329895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.07111650705337524}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780844864","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q184377","display_name":"Pronunciation","level":2,"score":0.9564542770385742},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779631151","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7883767","display_name":"Underspecification","level":2,"score":0.8965213298797607},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7579675912857056},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779207338","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9240","display_name":"Indonesian","level":2,"score":0.6662618517875671},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.637187123298645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.6157787442207336},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.5830624103546143},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5473102331161499},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.5450783371925354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C35219183","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5146","display_name":"Portuguese","level":2,"score":0.5344616174697876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74672266","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q815859","display_name":"Language acquisition","level":2,"score":0.4128366708755493},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2987567764","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q125421","display_name":"Second language","level":2,"score":0.4118937849998474},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89267518","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179488","display_name":"Psycholinguistics","level":3,"score":0.4103166460990906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.3359962999820709},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.22139933705329895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.07111650705337524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187736073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920921","display_name":"Management","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169900460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2200417","display_name":"Cognition","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.21437/slate.2011-10","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.21437/slate.2011-10","pdf_url":"https://www.isca-archive.org/slate_2011/kane11_slate.pdf","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Speech and Language Technology in Education (SLaTE 2011)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:http://www.rian.ie/180513/","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/2262/91619","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400033","display_name":"Arrow@dit (Dublin Institute of Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I115570527","host_organization_name":"Dublin Institute of Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I115570527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Kane, M., Cabral, J., Zahra, A. & Carson-Berndsen, J., Introducing Difficulty-Levels in Pronunciation Learning, International Speech Communication Association Special Interest Group on Speech and Language Technology in Education (SLaTE), Venice, Italy, 24-26 August, International Speech Communication Association (ISCA), 2011, 37 - 40","raw_type":"Conference item"},{"id":"pmh:oai:tara.tcd.ie:2262/91619","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.isca-speech.org/archive/slate_2011/sl11_037.html","pdf_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/2262/91619","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400387","display_name":"Trinity's Access to Research Output (TARA) (Trinity College Dublin)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205274468","host_organization_name":"Trinity College Dublin","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205274468"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Conference Paper"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.645.722","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.645.722","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://project.cgm.unive.it/events/SLaTE2011/papers/Kane--Mark_Kane_final_updated.pdf","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.21437/slate.2011-10","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.21437/slate.2011-10","pdf_url":"https://www.isca-archive.org/slate_2011/kane11_slate.pdf","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Speech and Language Technology in Education (SLaTE 2011)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.7900000214576721,"display_name":"Quality Education","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4290828396","display_name":"CSET CNGL: Next Generation Localisation (CNGL)","funder_award_id":"07/CE/I1142","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320847","funder_display_name":"Science Foundation Ireland"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320847","display_name":"Science Foundation Ireland","ror":"https://ror.org/0271asj38"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320858","display_name":"University College Dublin","ror":"https://ror.org/05m7pjf47"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320864","display_name":"Trinity College Dublin","ror":"https://ror.org/02tyrky19"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2399644537.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2399644537.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":15,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1489882835","https://openalex.org/W1543718717","https://openalex.org/W1990057706","https://openalex.org/W2010800472","https://openalex.org/W2016114400","https://openalex.org/W2053280194","https://openalex.org/W2102898380","https://openalex.org/W2130392381","https://openalex.org/W2139008940","https://openalex.org/W2147624457","https://openalex.org/W2164098806","https://openalex.org/W4237842017","https://openalex.org/W6635877538","https://openalex.org/W6917638038","https://openalex.org/W7014675899"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3123255037","https://openalex.org/W2362290379","https://openalex.org/W4307280407","https://openalex.org/W3186265432","https://openalex.org/W163575076","https://openalex.org/W2992985795","https://openalex.org/W3123714542","https://openalex.org/W1963691902","https://openalex.org/W4312829940","https://openalex.org/W2097378518"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"presents":[2],"a":[3,10,22,35,42,60,90],"method":[4],"to":[5,101],"introduce":[6],"the":[7,16,55,80,102],"notion":[8],"of":[9,18,21,45,54,63,82],"student":[11,91],"selected":[12],"difficulty":[13,26,83,104],"level":[14],"for":[15,89],"task":[17],"pronunciation":[19,94],"learning":[20],"second":[23],"language.":[24],"Three":[25],"levels,":[27],"novice,":[28],"acceptable":[29],"and":[30,72],"native,":[31],"are":[32],"constructed":[33],"using":[34,41,50],"tri-/bi-and":[36],"unigram":[37],"language":[38,62],"model":[39],"each":[40],"specific":[43,86],"set":[44],"broad":[46],"phonetic":[47],"groups":[48],"determined":[49],"underspecification.":[51],"The":[52,76],"evaluation":[53],"experiment":[56],"is":[57,96],"based":[58],"on":[59],"target":[61],"American":[64],"English":[65],"where":[66],"Nigerian,":[67],"Hungarian,":[68],"Indonesian,":[69],"Syrian,":[70],"Pakistani":[71],"Portuguese":[73],"students":[74],"participate.":[75],"results":[77],"show":[78],"that":[79],"addition":[81],"levels":[84],"returns":[85],"mis-pronunciation":[87],"information":[88],"indicating":[92],"what":[93],"practice":[95],"required":[97],"before":[98],"they":[99],"go":[100],"next":[103],"level.":[105]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-02T09:51:11.867554","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}