{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2798770820","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21437/odyssey.2018-45","title":"Perceptual Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Voice Disguise by Age Modification","display_name":"Perceptual Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Voice Disguise by Age Modification","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-06-06","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2798770820","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21437/odyssey.2018-45","mag":"2798770820"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.21437/odyssey.2018-45","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.21437/odyssey.2018-45","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Speaker and Language Recognition Workshop (Odyssey 2018)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref","datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1804.08910","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038242813","display_name":"Rosa Gonz\u00e1lez Hautam\u00e4ki","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4140-5309"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Rosa Gonzalez Hautam\u00e4ki","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048689678","display_name":"Anssi Kanervisto","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7479-4574"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Anssi Kanervisto","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037259225","display_name":"Ville Hautam\u00e4ki","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5885-0003"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ville Hautamaki","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043168931","display_name":"Tomi Kinnunen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4371-7322"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tomi Kinnunen","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5038242813"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.3375,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.67209914,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"320","last_page":"326"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10201","display_name":"Speech Recognition and Synthesis","score":0.9944999814033508,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10201","display_name":"Speech Recognition and Synthesis","score":0.9944999814033508,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10860","display_name":"Speech and Audio Processing","score":0.9726999998092651,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10863","display_name":"Voice and Speech Disorders","score":0.941100001335144,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2737","display_name":"Physiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/active-listening","display_name":"Active listening","score":0.757377028465271},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/perception","display_name":"Perception","score":0.7183685302734375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.7102688550949097},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/identity","display_name":"Identity (music)","score":0.6206634044647217},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/test","display_name":"Test (biology)","score":0.593264102935791},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voice-analysis","display_name":"Voice analysis","score":0.41986119747161865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quality","display_name":"Quality (philosophy)","score":0.41435861587524414},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognitive-psychology","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","score":0.3647022247314453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-recognition","display_name":"Speech recognition","score":0.33370381593704224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/communication","display_name":"Communication","score":0.25850820541381836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.23233413696289062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/acoustics","display_name":"Acoustics","score":0.0725109875202179}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177291462","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q423038","display_name":"Active listening","level":2,"score":0.757377028465271},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26760741","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160402","display_name":"Perception","level":2,"score":0.7183685302734375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.7102688550949097},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778355321","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17079427","display_name":"Identity (music)","level":2,"score":0.6206634044647217},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777267654","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3519023","display_name":"Test (biology)","level":2,"score":0.593264102935791},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182964821","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7939498","display_name":"Voice analysis","level":2,"score":0.41986119747161865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779530757","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1207505","display_name":"Quality (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.41435861587524414},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180747234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23373","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","level":1,"score":0.3647022247314453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.33370381593704224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46312422","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11024","display_name":"Communication","level":1,"score":0.25850820541381836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.23233413696289062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24890656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811","display_name":"Acoustics","level":1,"score":0.0725109875202179},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.21437/odyssey.2018-45","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.21437/odyssey.2018-45","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Speaker and Language Recognition Workshop (Odyssey 2018)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:1804.08910","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/1804.08910","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1804.08910","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"mag:2798770820","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1804.08910.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","raw_type":null},{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.1804.08910","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1804.08910","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:1804.08910","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/1804.08910","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1804.08910","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Quality Education","score":0.4300000071525574,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2962817120","https://openalex.org/W3128143950","https://openalex.org/W3162396502","https://openalex.org/W2911043097","https://openalex.org/W2395126044","https://openalex.org/W2337593402","https://openalex.org/W2961689765","https://openalex.org/W1985209656","https://openalex.org/W590606660","https://openalex.org/W2779865708","https://openalex.org/W1969632487","https://openalex.org/W1541580962","https://openalex.org/W127089683","https://openalex.org/W2075918261","https://openalex.org/W2165077991","https://openalex.org/W2897003497","https://openalex.org/W2316846896","https://openalex.org/W2622872067","https://openalex.org/W2976082633","https://openalex.org/W2747492286"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Voice":[0],"disguise,":[1],"purposeful":[2],"modification":[3],"of":[4,11,41,44,149,166,174,226,237,245,257],"one's":[5],"speaker":[6,23,33,92],"identity":[7],"with":[8,163],"the":[9,42,90,100,125,147,150,164,179,187,200,211,219,224,227,235,243,258,262],"aim":[10],"avoiding":[12],"being":[13,122,136],"identified":[14],"as":[15,47,52,135],"oneself,":[16],"is":[17],"a":[18,28,48,53,73,130,137,142],"low-effort":[19],"way":[20],"to":[21,56,66,109,145,184,223,248],"fool":[22],"recognition,":[24],"whether":[25],"performed":[26],"by":[27,124],"human":[29,85],"or":[30],"an":[31,39,69],"automatic":[32],"verification":[34],"(ASV)":[35],"system.":[36],"We":[37,139],"present":[38],"evaluation":[40],"effectiveness":[43],"age":[45,103,197,213,220,244,254],"stereotypes":[46,104],"voice":[49,229],"disguise":[50],"strategy,":[51],"follow":[54],"up":[55],"our":[57],"recent":[58],"work":[59],"where":[60],"60":[61],"native":[62],"Finnish":[63],"speakers":[64,118,208,247,259],"attempted":[65],"sound":[67],"like":[68,72],"elderly":[70,232],"and":[71,84,128,162,181,190,203,260],"child.":[74],"In":[75,234],"that":[76,81,111,196],"study,":[77],"we":[78,94],"presented":[79,101],"evidence":[80],"both":[82,160,186],"ASV":[83,126],"observers":[86],"could":[87],"easily":[88],"miss":[89],"target":[91,212,228,264],"but":[93],"did":[95],"not":[96,261],"address":[97],"how":[98],"believable":[99],"vocal":[102],"were;":[105],"this":[106],"study":[107,146],"serves":[108],"fill":[110],"gap.":[112],"The":[113,154,193],"interesting":[114],"cases":[115],"would":[116],"be":[117,249],"who":[119],"succeed":[120],"in":[121,178],"missed":[123],"system,":[127],"which":[129],"typical":[131],"listener":[132],"cannot":[133],"detect":[134],"disguise.":[138],"carry":[140],"out":[141,159],"perceptual":[143],"test":[144,156,180],"quality":[148],"disguised":[151],"speech":[152],"samples.":[153],"listening":[155],"was":[157],"carried":[158],"locally":[161],"help":[165],"Amazon's":[167],"Mechanical":[168],"Turk":[169],"(MT)":[170],"crowd-workers.":[171],"A":[172],"total":[173],"91":[175],"listeners":[176,241],"participated":[177],"were":[182,209],"instructed":[183],"estimate":[185],"speaker's":[188],"chronological":[189,253],"intended":[191,201,238,263],"age.":[192,265],"results":[194],"indicate":[195],"estimations":[198,221],"for":[199,206,216,231,255],"old":[202],"child":[204],"voices":[205],"female":[207],"towards":[210],"groups,":[214],"while":[215],"male":[217,246],"speakers,":[218],"corresponded":[222],"direction":[225],"only":[230],"voices.":[233],"case":[236],"child's":[239],"voice,":[240],"estimated":[242],"older":[250],"than":[251],"their":[252],"most":[256]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-10T16:38:18.471706","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}