{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3146788459","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21437/interspeech.2021-993","title":"Graph Attention Networks for Anti-Spoofing","display_name":"Graph Attention Networks for Anti-Spoofing","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-08-27","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3146788459","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21437/interspeech.2021-993","mag":"3146788459"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.21437/interspeech.2021-993","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.21437/interspeech.2021-993","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Interspeech 2021","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref","datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2104.03654","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018712252","display_name":"Hemlata Tak","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0102-523X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1902872","display_name":"EURECOM","ror":"https://ror.org/00sse7z02","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1902872","https://openalex.org/I205703379"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Hemlata Tak","raw_affiliation_strings":["EURECOM, Valbonne, France"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"EURECOM, Valbonne, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1902872"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091834525","display_name":"Jee-weon Jung","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0505-2988"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139264467","display_name":"Seoul National University","ror":"https://ror.org/04h9pn542","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139264467"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jee-weon Jung","raw_affiliation_strings":["Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139264467"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046246613","display_name":"Jos\u00e9 Patino","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7193-0721"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1902872","display_name":"EURECOM","ror":"https://ror.org/00sse7z02","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1902872","https://openalex.org/I205703379"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jose Patino","raw_affiliation_strings":["EURECOM, Valbonne, France"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"EURECOM, Valbonne, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1902872"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049594655","display_name":"Massimiliano Todisco","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2883-0324"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1902872","display_name":"EURECOM","ror":"https://ror.org/00sse7z02","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1902872","https://openalex.org/I205703379"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Massimiliano Todisco","raw_affiliation_strings":["EURECOM, Valbonne, France"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"EURECOM, Valbonne, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1902872"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066811192","display_name":"Nicholas Evans","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8459-1041"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1902872","display_name":"EURECOM","ror":"https://ror.org/00sse7z02","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1902872","https://openalex.org/I205703379"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nicholas Evans","raw_affiliation_strings":["EURECOM, Valbonne, France"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"EURECOM, Valbonne, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1902872"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5018712252"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1902872"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.1398,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.52471654,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"2356","last_page":"2360"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10201","display_name":"Speech Recognition and Synthesis","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10201","display_name":"Speech Recognition and Synthesis","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.9926000237464905,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10863","display_name":"Voice and Speech Disorders","score":0.9904000163078308,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2737","display_name":"Physiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.769149661064148},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/leverage","display_name":"Leverage (statistics)","score":0.662753164768219},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spoofing-attack","display_name":"Spoofing attack","score":0.6461504101753235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/graph","display_name":"Graph","score":0.5814070701599121},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4784426987171173},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/attention-network","display_name":"Attention network","score":0.4650121331214905},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.3843342959880829},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.3809998035430908},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.36394885182380676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.17041778564453125}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.769149661064148},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153083717","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6535263","display_name":"Leverage (statistics)","level":2,"score":0.662753164768219},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C167900197","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11081100","display_name":"Spoofing attack","level":2,"score":0.6461504101753235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132525143","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141488","display_name":"Graph","level":2,"score":0.5814070701599121},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4784426987171173},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2993807640","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q103709453","display_name":"Attention network","level":2,"score":0.4650121331214905},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.3843342959880829},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.3809998035430908},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.36394885182380676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.17041778564453125}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.21437/interspeech.2021-993","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.21437/interspeech.2021-993","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Interspeech 2021","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2104.03654","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2104.03654","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2104.03654","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"mag:3146788459","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2104.03654","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","raw_type":null},{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2104.03654","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2104.03654","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2104.03654","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2104.03654","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2104.03654","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Quality Education","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","score":0.4099999964237213}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4611969921","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Science","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334789","funder_display_name":"Japan Science and Technology Agency"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4864544293","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Japan","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334789","funder_display_name":"Japan Science and Technology Agency"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7485138276","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Technology","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334789","funder_display_name":"Japan Science and Technology Agency"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320883","display_name":"Agence Nationale de la Recherche","ror":"https://ror.org/00rbzpz17"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334789","display_name":"Japan Science and Technology Agency","ror":"https://ror.org/00097mb19"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3146788459.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3146788459.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":41,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1501856433","https://openalex.org/W1836465849","https://openalex.org/W2076608692","https://openalex.org/W2116341502","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2295634712","https://openalex.org/W2513054450","https://openalex.org/W2624431344","https://openalex.org/W2747024632","https://openalex.org/W2748488820","https://openalex.org/W2794506738","https://openalex.org/W2936774411","https://openalex.org/W2962767366","https://openalex.org/W2963508548","https://openalex.org/W2963858333","https://openalex.org/W2964015378","https://openalex.org/W2964052309","https://openalex.org/W2964511278","https://openalex.org/W2972786657","https://openalex.org/W2972811785","https://openalex.org/W2972909277","https://openalex.org/W2973006577","https://openalex.org/W2973164265","https://openalex.org/W2990833974","https://openalex.org/W3024758142","https://openalex.org/W3024920698","https://openalex.org/W3025210871","https://openalex.org/W3026777299","https://openalex.org/W3048027105","https://openalex.org/W3095291040","https://openalex.org/W3096084197","https://openalex.org/W3096333737","https://openalex.org/W3097073051","https://openalex.org/W3097670835","https://openalex.org/W3131786367","https://openalex.org/W3137110025","https://openalex.org/W3158663310","https://openalex.org/W3161011913","https://openalex.org/W3162271107","https://openalex.org/W3162463150","https://openalex.org/W3163596559"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3197014136","https://openalex.org/W3201773091","https://openalex.org/W3130365871","https://openalex.org/W3195065899","https://openalex.org/W3041515167","https://openalex.org/W2946977471","https://openalex.org/W3112152379","https://openalex.org/W3196766446","https://openalex.org/W2998486508","https://openalex.org/W3103921434","https://openalex.org/W3177132338","https://openalex.org/W2954400197","https://openalex.org/W3121106090","https://openalex.org/W2989577264","https://openalex.org/W3012209297","https://openalex.org/W3163702296","https://openalex.org/W2551975789","https://openalex.org/W3089555680","https://openalex.org/W3162620876","https://openalex.org/W2795013471"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,142],"cues":[1],"needed":[2],"to":[3,26,55,60,74,136,159],"detect":[4],"spoofing":[5,62],"attacks":[6],"against":[7],"automatic":[8],"speaker":[9],"verification":[10],"are":[11,134],"often":[12],"located":[13],"in":[14,95,101,156],"specific":[15,102],"spectral":[16,31],"sub-bands":[17,42,103],"or":[18,32,43,104],"temporal":[19,33,105,122],"segments.":[20,44,106],"Previous":[21],"works":[22],"show":[23,116],"the":[24,38,76,80,96,110,160],"potential":[25],"learn":[27],"these":[28,57],"using":[29],"either":[30,100],"self-attention":[34,68],"mechanisms":[35],"but":[36],"not":[37],"relationships":[39,58,81],"between":[40,82],"neighbouring":[41],"This":[45],"paper":[46],"reports":[47],"our":[48,118,127],"use":[49],"of":[50,126,139,144],"graph":[51,71,85,97],"attention":[52,123],"networks":[53],"(GATs)":[54],"model":[56,75,120],"and":[59,79],"improve":[61],"detection":[63],"performance.":[64],"GATs":[65],"leverage":[66],"a":[67,92,137,152],"mechanism":[69],"over":[70],"structured":[72],"data":[73,77],"manifold":[78],"nodes.":[83],"Our":[84],"is":[86],"constructed":[87],"from":[88],"representations":[89],"produced":[90],"by":[91],"ResNet.":[93],"Nodes":[94],"represent":[98],"information":[99],"Experiments":[107],"performed":[108],"on":[109],"ASVspoof":[111],"2019":[112],"logical":[113],"access":[114],"database":[115],"that":[117],"GAT-based":[119,132,145],"with":[121,147],"outperforms":[124],"all":[125],"baseline":[128],"single":[129,163],"systems.":[130,141],"Furthermore,":[131],"systems":[133],"complementary":[135],"set":[138],"existing":[140],"fusion":[143],"models":[146],"more":[148],"conventional":[149],"countermeasures":[150],"delivers":[151],"47%":[153],"relative":[154],"improvement":[155],"performance":[157],"compared":[158],"best":[161],"performing":[162],"GAT":[164],"system.":[165]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-14T08:43:22.919905","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
