{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3197287223","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21437/interspeech.2021-1565","title":"A Systematic Review and Analysis of Multilingual Data Strategies in Text-to-Speech for Low-Resource Languages","display_name":"A Systematic Review and Analysis of Multilingual Data Strategies in Text-to-Speech for Low-Resource Languages","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-08-27","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3197287223","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21437/interspeech.2021-1565","mag":"3197287223"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.21437/interspeech.2021-1565","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.21437/interspeech.2021-1565","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Interspeech 2021","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"review","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://research.rug.nl/en/publications/c2101556-c819-4c66-b685-5817cc38bc6f","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065364398","display_name":"Phat Do","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3186-9679"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I169381384","display_name":"University of Groningen","ror":"https://ror.org/012p63287","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I169381384"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I196758499","display_name":"Fryske Akademy","ror":"https://ror.org/05fcmfe52","country_code":"NL","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I196758499"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Phat Do","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Groningen, Campus Frysl\u00e2n, Leeuwarden, the Netherlands"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Groningen, Campus Frysl\u00e2n, Leeuwarden, the Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I196758499","https://openalex.org/I169381384"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090819693","display_name":"Matt Coler","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7631-5063"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I169381384","display_name":"University of Groningen","ror":"https://ror.org/012p63287","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I169381384"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I196758499","display_name":"Fryske Akademy","ror":"https://ror.org/05fcmfe52","country_code":"NL","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I196758499"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Matt Coler","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Groningen, Campus Frysl\u00e2n, Leeuwarden, the Netherlands"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Groningen, Campus Frysl\u00e2n, Leeuwarden, the Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I196758499","https://openalex.org/I169381384"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049678985","display_name":"Jelske Dijkstra","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I196758499","display_name":"Fryske Akademy","ror":"https://ror.org/05fcmfe52","country_code":"NL","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I196758499"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jelske Dijkstra","raw_affiliation_strings":["Fryske Akademy/Mercator Research Centre, Leeuwarden, the Netherlands"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fryske Akademy/Mercator Research Centre, Leeuwarden, the Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I196758499"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109914325","display_name":"Esther Klabbers","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210106878","display_name":"Korps Landelijke Politiediensten","ror":"https://ror.org/01trfzy92","country_code":"NL","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210101771","https://openalex.org/I4210106878","https://openalex.org/I4210140876"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Esther Klabbers","raw_affiliation_strings":["ReadSpeaker, Driebergen-Rijsenburg, the Netherlands"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ReadSpeaker, Driebergen-Rijsenburg, the Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210106878"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.3993,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":17,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.85073626,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"16","last_page":"20"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10201","display_name":"Speech Recognition and Synthesis","score":0.9979000091552734,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10201","display_name":"Speech Recognition and Synthesis","score":0.9979000091552734,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12031","display_name":"Speech and dialogue systems","score":0.9976999759674072,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.9959999918937683,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8310821056365967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/focus","display_name":"Focus (optics)","score":0.5835818648338318},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.5535194277763367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/measure","display_name":"Measure (data warehouse)","score":0.5382800698280334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quality","display_name":"Quality (philosophy)","score":0.49273374676704407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/resource","display_name":"Resource (disambiguation)","score":0.4849276840686798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multilingualism","display_name":"Multilingualism","score":0.4772860109806061},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.46163129806518555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linguistics","display_name":"Linguistics","score":0.17966026067733765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/database","display_name":"Database","score":0.13533943891525269}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8310821056365967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192209626","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190909","display_name":"Focus (optics)","level":2,"score":0.5835818648338318},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.5535194277763367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780009758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6804172","display_name":"Measure (data warehouse)","level":2,"score":0.5382800698280334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779530757","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1207505","display_name":"Quality (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.49273374676704407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206345919","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20380951","display_name":"Resource (disambiguation)","level":2,"score":0.4849276840686798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780035574","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30081","display_name":"Multilingualism","level":2,"score":0.4772860109806061},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.46163129806518555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.17966026067733765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77088390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8513","display_name":"Database","level":1,"score":0.13533943891525269},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.21437/interspeech.2021-1565","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.21437/interspeech.2021-1565","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Interspeech 2021","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.rug.nl:openaire/c2101556-c819-4c66-b685-5817cc38bc6f","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://research.rug.nl/en/publications/c2101556-c819-4c66-b685-5817cc38bc6f","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400420","display_name":"University of Groningen research database (University of Groningen / Centre for Information Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I169381384","host_organization_name":"University of Groningen","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I169381384"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Do, P, Coler, M, Dijkstra, J & Klabbers, E 2021, A Systematic Review and Analysis of Multilingual Data Strategies in Text-to-Speech for Low-Resource Languages. in Proc. Interspeech 2021. ISCA, pp. 16-20, Interspeech 2021, Brno, Czech Republic, 30/08/2021. https://doi.org/10.21437/Interspeech.2021-1565","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.rug.nl:openaire/c2101556-c819-4c66-b685-5817cc38bc6f","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://research.rug.nl/en/publications/c2101556-c819-4c66-b685-5817cc38bc6f","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400420","display_name":"University of Groningen research database (University of Groningen / Centre for Information Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I169381384","host_organization_name":"University of Groningen","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I169381384"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Do, P, Coler, M, Dijkstra, J & Klabbers, E 2021, A Systematic Review and Analysis of Multilingual Data Strategies in Text-to-Speech for Low-Resource Languages. in Proc. Interspeech 2021. ISCA, pp. 16-20, Interspeech 2021, Brno, Czech Republic, 30/08/2021. https://doi.org/10.21437/Interspeech.2021-1565","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","score":0.75,"display_name":"Quality Education"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":29,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W105344507","https://openalex.org/W1995565802","https://openalex.org/W2041100048","https://openalex.org/W2081254602","https://openalex.org/W2167127461","https://openalex.org/W2251198145","https://openalex.org/W2400517318","https://openalex.org/W2403977058","https://openalex.org/W2494654097","https://openalex.org/W2497357454","https://openalex.org/W2511703664","https://openalex.org/W2622010270","https://openalex.org/W2746132399","https://openalex.org/W2774486220","https://openalex.org/W2805087519","https://openalex.org/W2808706139","https://openalex.org/W2888922844","https://openalex.org/W2891730843","https://openalex.org/W2901389167","https://openalex.org/W2963542120","https://openalex.org/W2973034126","https://openalex.org/W2973213036","https://openalex.org/W2990384275","https://openalex.org/W3028613123","https://openalex.org/W3090474612","https://openalex.org/W3095012670","https://openalex.org/W3095877226","https://openalex.org/W3096656663","https://openalex.org/W4299687266"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1963723338","https://openalex.org/W1974854102","https://openalex.org/W2184668184","https://openalex.org/W2253282186","https://openalex.org/W3214446561","https://openalex.org/W2134913325","https://openalex.org/W4206622819","https://openalex.org/W2085602515","https://openalex.org/W194123568","https://openalex.org/W4286484893"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0,19],"provide":[1],"a":[2,54],"systematic":[3],"review":[4],"of":[5,15,90,103,113],"past":[6],"studies":[7,27,64],"that":[8],"use":[9],"multilingual":[10,30,50,96,131],"data":[11,31,93,106,116,125],"for":[12,28,124,134,151],"text-to-speech":[13],"(TTS)":[14],"low-resource":[16],"languages":[17],"(LRLs).":[18],"focus":[20],"on":[21],"the":[22,41,62,73,87,100,111],"strategies":[23,126],"used":[24],"by":[25],"these":[26],"incorporating":[29],"and":[32,49,65,97,110],"how":[33],"they":[34],"affect":[35],"output":[36,44],"speech":[37],"quality.":[38],"To":[39],"investigate":[40],"difference":[42,60,88],"in":[43,127],"quality":[45],"between":[46,94],"corresponding":[47,95],"monolingual":[48,98],"models,":[51],"we":[52],"propose":[53],"novel":[55],"measure":[56],"to":[57,80,107,146],"compare":[58],"this":[59],"across":[61],"included":[63],"their":[66],"various":[67],"evaluation":[68],"metrics.":[69],"This":[70],"measure,":[71],"called":[72],"Multilingual":[74],"Model":[75],"Effect":[76],"(MLME),":[77],"is":[78,143],"found":[79,145],"be":[81,147],"affected":[82],"by:":[83],"acoustic":[84],"model":[85],"architecture,":[86],"ratio":[89,102],"target":[91,104,114],"language":[92,105,115],"experiments,":[99],"balance":[101],"total":[108],"data,":[109],"amount":[112],"used.":[117],"These":[118],"findings":[119],"can":[120],"act":[121],"as":[122],"reference":[123],"future":[128],"experiments":[129],"with":[130],"TTS":[132],"models":[133],"LRLs.":[135],"Language":[136],"family":[137],"classification,":[138],"despite":[139],"being":[140],"widely":[141],"used,":[142],"not":[144],"an":[148],"effective":[149],"criterion":[150],"selecting":[152],"source":[153],"languages.":[154]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":7}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}