{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3198279735","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21437/interspeech.2021-117","title":"Data Augmentation for Spoken Language Understanding via Pretrained Language Models","display_name":"Data Augmentation for Spoken Language Understanding via Pretrained Language Models","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-08-27","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3198279735","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21437/interspeech.2021-117","mag":"3198279735"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.21437/interspeech.2021-117","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.21437/interspeech.2021-117","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Interspeech 2021","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066404470","display_name":"Baolin Peng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-3255-8735"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Baolin Peng","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034687114","display_name":"Chenguang Zhu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6955-8924"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chenguang Zhu","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089195158","display_name":"Michael Zeng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5302-5883"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michael Zeng","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5114910293","display_name":"Jianfeng Gao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5702-6143"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jianfeng Gao","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5066404470"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.537,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":16,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.86074315,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1219","last_page":"1223"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12031","display_name":"Speech and dialogue systems","score":0.9939000010490417,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8634638786315918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/utterance","display_name":"Utterance","score":0.7590213418006897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scarcity","display_name":"Scarcity","score":0.6526421308517456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6060256361961365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.6027829051017761},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spoken-language","display_name":"Spoken language","score":0.597402811050415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/language-model","display_name":"Language model","score":0.589523196220398},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/language-understanding","display_name":"Language understanding","score":0.5627749562263489},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ontology","display_name":"Ontology","score":0.5375968813896179},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/training-set","display_name":"Training set","score":0.4757366180419922},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-recognition","display_name":"Speech recognition","score":0.32047396898269653}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8634638786315918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775852435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q258403","display_name":"Utterance","level":2,"score":0.7590213418006897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C109747225","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q815758","display_name":"Scarcity","level":2,"score":0.6526421308517456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6060256361961365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.6027829051017761},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776230583","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1322198","display_name":"Spoken language","level":2,"score":0.597402811050415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137293760","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3621696","display_name":"Language model","level":2,"score":0.589523196220398},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2983448237","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1078276","display_name":"Language understanding","level":2,"score":0.5627749562263489},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C25810664","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44325","display_name":"Ontology","level":2,"score":0.5375968813896179},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51632099","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3985153","display_name":"Training set","level":2,"score":0.4757366180419922},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.32047396898269653},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175444787","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39072","display_name":"Microeconomics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.21437/interspeech.2021-117","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.21437/interspeech.2021-117","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Interspeech 2021","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8299999833106995,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","display_name":"Quality Education"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W157723669","https://openalex.org/W2284708545","https://openalex.org/W4287644835","https://openalex.org/W3092281475","https://openalex.org/W4287601611","https://openalex.org/W3100661441","https://openalex.org/W3098003361","https://openalex.org/W1995281866","https://openalex.org/W3161060657","https://openalex.org/W33625125"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"training":[1,86],"of":[2,12,35,51,72,92],"spoken":[3],"language":[4,27,93],"understanding":[5,94],"(SLU)":[6],"models":[7,28,95],"often":[8],"faces":[9],"the":[10,31,90],"problem":[11],"data":[13,22,52,87],"scarcity.":[14],"In":[15],"this":[16],"paper,":[17],"we":[18,39],"put":[19],"forward":[20],"a":[21,69],"augmentation":[23],"method":[24,82],"using":[25],"pretrained":[26],"to":[29,44],"boost":[30],"variability":[32],"and":[33,41],"accuracy":[34],"generated":[36],"utterances.":[37],"Furthermore,":[38],"investigate":[40],"propose":[42],"solutions":[43],"two":[45],"previously":[46],"overlooked":[47],"semi-supervised":[48],"learning":[49],"scenarios":[50],"scarcity":[53],"in":[54,96],"SLU:":[55],"i)":[56],"Rich-in-Ontology:":[57],"ontology":[58],"information":[59],"with":[60],"numerous":[61],"valid":[62],"dialogue":[63],"acts":[64],"is":[65],"given;":[66],"ii)":[67],"Rich-in-Utterance:":[68],"large":[70],"number":[71],"unlabelled":[73],"utterances":[74],"are":[75],"available.":[76],"Empirical":[77],"results":[78],"show":[79],"that":[80,88],"our":[81],"can":[83],"produce":[84],"synthetic":[85],"boosts":[89],"performance":[91],"various":[97],"scenarios.":[98]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-03-07T16:01:11.037858","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
