{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3093147193","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21437/interspeech.2020-2402","title":"Improving Low Resource Code-Switched ASR Using Augmented Code-Switched TTS","display_name":"Improving Low Resource Code-Switched ASR Using Augmented Code-Switched TTS","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-10-25","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3093147193","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21437/interspeech.2020-2402","mag":"3093147193"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.21437/interspeech.2020-2402","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.21437/interspeech.2020-2402","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Interspeech 2020","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref","datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2010.05549","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102010167","display_name":"Yash Sharma","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-1277-9364"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yash Sharma","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005220677","display_name":"Basil Abraham","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24676775","display_name":"Indian Institute of Technology Madras","ror":"https://ror.org/03v0r5n49","country_code":"IN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24676775"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Basil Abraham","raw_affiliation_strings":["Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, India"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24676775"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042028291","display_name":"Karan Taneja","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Karan Taneja","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036738038","display_name":"Preethi Jyothi","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162827531","display_name":"Indian Institute of Technology Bombay","ror":"https://ror.org/02qyf5152","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162827531"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Preethi Jyothi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, India"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162827531"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5102010167"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.6857,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.77140898,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"4771","last_page":"4775"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10201","display_name":"Speech Recognition and Synthesis","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10201","display_name":"Speech Recognition and Synthesis","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12031","display_name":"Speech and dialogue systems","score":0.9973999857902527,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7779092788696289},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/leverage","display_name":"Leverage (statistics)","score":0.7093336582183838},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-recognition","display_name":"Speech recognition","score":0.5942710041999817},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/code","display_name":"Code (set theory)","score":0.5661002993583679},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/code-switching","display_name":"Code-switching","score":0.4760042130947113},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.27460625767707825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.09824731945991516}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7779092788696289},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153083717","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6535263","display_name":"Leverage (statistics)","level":2,"score":0.7093336582183838},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.5942710041999817},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776760102","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5139990","display_name":"Code (set theory)","level":3,"score":0.5661002993583679},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18552078","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q255615","display_name":"Code-switching","level":2,"score":0.4760042130947113},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.27460625767707825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.09824731945991516},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.21437/interspeech.2020-2402","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.21437/interspeech.2020-2402","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Interspeech 2020","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2010.05549","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2010.05549","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2010.05549","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"mag:3093147193","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2010.05549","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","raw_type":null},{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2010.05549","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2010.05549","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2010.05549","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2010.05549","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2010.05549","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Quality Education","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","score":0.5299999713897705}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3093147193.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3093147193.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":25,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2098355803","https://openalex.org/W2099808146","https://openalex.org/W2123162330","https://openalex.org/W2153433699","https://openalex.org/W2193413348","https://openalex.org/W2407080277","https://openalex.org/W2526425061","https://openalex.org/W2765407302","https://openalex.org/W2883989418","https://openalex.org/W2889013998","https://openalex.org/W2896068220","https://openalex.org/W2936774411","https://openalex.org/W2936842814","https://openalex.org/W2937780860","https://openalex.org/W2939757332","https://openalex.org/W2951193022","https://openalex.org/W2962680099","https://openalex.org/W2962780374","https://openalex.org/W2962784628","https://openalex.org/W2964161387","https://openalex.org/W2964309797","https://openalex.org/W2972888990","https://openalex.org/W3008480565","https://openalex.org/W3015280134","https://openalex.org/W3015654635"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3096263335","https://openalex.org/W2911876655","https://openalex.org/W2996353927","https://openalex.org/W3034335198","https://openalex.org/W3047866127","https://openalex.org/W3029522047","https://openalex.org/W3096246310","https://openalex.org/W3008092184","https://openalex.org/W3107298252","https://openalex.org/W3096615836","https://openalex.org/W2899073901","https://openalex.org/W2972818416","https://openalex.org/W3195391869","https://openalex.org/W3016108605","https://openalex.org/W2936832667","https://openalex.org/W2975769414","https://openalex.org/W3198544738","https://openalex.org/W3136258522","https://openalex.org/W3205328248","https://openalex.org/W3093346109"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Building":[0],"Automatic":[1],"Speech":[2],"Recognition":[3],"(ASR)":[4],"systems":[5,28,53],"for":[6],"code-switched":[7,66,76,128,161],"speech":[8,20,89,112],"has":[9],"recently":[10],"gained":[11],"renewed":[12],"attention":[13],"due":[14,34],"to":[15,35,85,96,108,126,146],"the":[16],"widespread":[17],"use":[18,39],"of":[19,38,57,104,144],"technologies":[21],"in":[22,43,68,121,134,151],"multilingual":[23],"communities":[24],"worldwide.":[25],"End-to-end":[26],"ASR":[27,67,135,162],"are":[29],"a":[30,116,159],"natural":[31],"modeling":[32],"choice":[33],"their":[36],"ease":[37],"and":[40,110,114,148],"superior":[41],"performance":[42,136],"monolingual":[44],"settings.":[45],"However,":[46],"it":[47],"is":[48],"well":[49],"known":[50],"that":[51],"end-to-end":[52],"require":[54],"large":[55],"amounts":[56],"labeled":[58],"speech.":[59],"In":[60],"this":[61],"work,":[62],"we":[63],"investigate":[64],"improving":[65],"low":[69],"resource":[70],"settings":[71],"via":[72,101],"data":[73],"augmentation":[74],"using":[75,154],"text-to-speech":[77],"(TTS)":[78],"synthesis.":[79],"We":[80,130],"propose":[81],"two":[82],"targeted":[83],"techniques":[84,157],"effectively":[86],"leverage":[87],"TTS":[88,109,124],"samples:":[90],"1)":[91],"Mixup,":[92],"an":[93],"existing":[94,105],"technique":[95],"create":[97],"new":[98,117],"training":[99],"samples":[100],"linear":[102],"interpolation":[103],"samples,":[106,113,125],"applied":[107],"real":[111],"2)":[115],"loss":[118],"function,":[119],"used":[120],"conjunction":[122],"with":[123],"encourage":[127],"predictions.":[129],"report":[131],"significant":[132],"improvements":[133],"achieving":[137],"absolute":[138],"word":[139],"error":[140],"rate":[141],"(WER)":[142],"reductions":[143],"up":[145],"5%,":[147],"measurable":[149],"improvement":[150],"code":[152],"switching":[153],"our":[155],"proposed":[156],"on":[158],"Hindi-English":[160],"task.":[163]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-03-20T23:20:44.827607","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}