{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3097934054","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21437/interspeech.2020-1191","title":"A Differentiable Perceptual Audio Metric Learned from Just Noticeable Differences","display_name":"A Differentiable Perceptual Audio Metric Learned from Just Noticeable Differences","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-10-25","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3097934054","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21437/interspeech.2020-1191","mag":"3097934054"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.21437/interspeech.2020-1191","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.21437/interspeech.2020-1191","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Interspeech 2020","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075510192","display_name":"Pranay Manocha","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3284-5908"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20089843","display_name":"Princeton University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hx57361","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20089843"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pranay Manocha","raw_affiliation_strings":["Princeton University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Princeton University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20089843"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034842939","display_name":"Adam Finkelstein","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9422-5363"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20089843","display_name":"Princeton University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hx57361","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20089843"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Adam Finkelstein","raw_affiliation_strings":["Princeton University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Princeton University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20089843"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101616527","display_name":"Richard Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7712-1247"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1306409833","display_name":"Adobe Systems (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/059tvcg64","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1306409833"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Richard Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Adobe Research"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Adobe Research","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1306409833"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045694117","display_name":"Nicholas J. Bryan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1469-7278"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1306409833","display_name":"Adobe Systems (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/059tvcg64","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1306409833"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nicholas J. Bryan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Adobe Research"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Adobe Research","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1306409833"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044614923","display_name":"Gautham J. Mysore","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0483-9252"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1306409833","display_name":"Adobe Systems (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/059tvcg64","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1306409833"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gautham J. Mysore","raw_affiliation_strings":["Adobe Research"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Adobe Research","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1306409833"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100702050","display_name":"Zeyu Jin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0161-5915"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1306409833","display_name":"Adobe Systems (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/059tvcg64","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1306409833"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zeyu Jin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Adobe Research"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Adobe Research","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1306409833"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":55,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"2852","last_page":"2856"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10860","display_name":"Speech and Audio Processing","score":0.998199999332428,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10860","display_name":"Speech and Audio Processing","score":0.998199999332428,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10283","display_name":"Hearing Loss and Rehabilitation","score":0.9947999715805054,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11309","display_name":"Music and Audio Processing","score":0.9930999875068665,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metric","display_name":"Metric (unit)","score":0.6865024566650391},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/differentiable-function","display_name":"Differentiable function","score":0.6657365560531616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/perception","display_name":"Perception","score":0.6179823875427246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5998722910881042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.46801483631134033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-recognition","display_name":"Speech recognition","score":0.39920946955680847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.2925605773925781},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.1553848683834076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pure-mathematics","display_name":"Pure mathematics","score":0.07651874423027039},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.06360521912574768}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176217482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860554","display_name":"Metric (unit)","level":2,"score":0.6865024566650391},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202615002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q783507","display_name":"Differentiable function","level":2,"score":0.6657365560531616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26760741","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160402","display_name":"Perception","level":2,"score":0.6179823875427246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5998722910881042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.46801483631134033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.39920946955680847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.2925605773925781},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.1553848683834076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202444582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837863","display_name":"Pure mathematics","level":1,"score":0.07651874423027039},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.06360521912574768},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21547014","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423657","display_name":"Operations management","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.21437/interspeech.2020-1191","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.21437/interspeech.2020-1191","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Interspeech 2020","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8","score":0.4300000071525574,"display_name":"Decent work and economic growth"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":35,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1522301498","https://openalex.org/W1552314771","https://openalex.org/W1728888090","https://openalex.org/W2103934944","https://openalex.org/W2111964411","https://openalex.org/W2115117774","https://openalex.org/W2126942983","https://openalex.org/W2130813098","https://openalex.org/W2133665775","https://openalex.org/W2141044085","https://openalex.org/W2331128040","https://openalex.org/W2395718496","https://openalex.org/W2514828952","https://openalex.org/W2519091744","https://openalex.org/W2526050071","https://openalex.org/W2555915854","https://openalex.org/W2593116425","https://openalex.org/W2775794021","https://openalex.org/W2799412098","https://openalex.org/W2890983311","https://openalex.org/W2892129657","https://openalex.org/W2931364255","https://openalex.org/W2939574508","https://openalex.org/W2940290905","https://openalex.org/W2955857189","https://openalex.org/W2962785568","https://openalex.org/W2963103134","https://openalex.org/W2963341071","https://openalex.org/W2963920537","https://openalex.org/W2964229681","https://openalex.org/W2972443522","https://openalex.org/W2987989623","https://openalex.org/W4289106098","https://openalex.org/W4297817572","https://openalex.org/W4398958419"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2368779261","https://openalex.org/W2778699561","https://openalex.org/W2992707672","https://openalex.org/W973458193","https://openalex.org/W4226141567","https://openalex.org/W3212953166","https://openalex.org/W2990055819","https://openalex.org/W2579528921","https://openalex.org/W4292107217","https://openalex.org/W2004336531"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Many":[0],"audio":[1,42],"processing":[2],"tasks":[3],"require":[4],"perceptual":[5],"assessment.The":[6],"\"gold":[7],"standard\"":[8],"of":[9,47,67,92,108,116],"obtaining":[10],"human":[11,38,48,69,128],"judgments":[12],"is":[13,103,125,134,140],"timeconsuming,":[14],"expensive,":[15],"and":[16,97],"cannot":[17],"be":[18],"used":[19],"as":[20,145,171],"an":[21,154],"optimization":[22],"criterion.On":[23],"the":[24,45,100,106,111,117,121,138],"other":[25,150],"hand,":[26],"automated":[27],"metrics":[28],"are":[29,71,79,86],"efficient":[30],"to":[31,62,73],"compute":[32],"but":[33],"often":[34],"correlate":[35],"poorly":[36],"with":[37,105,127,161],"judgment,":[39],"particularly":[40],"for":[41,149],"differences":[43],"at":[44],"threshold":[46],"detection.In":[49],"this":[50],"work,":[51],"we":[52],"construct":[53],"a":[54,58,63,75,90,135,146,168],"metric":[55,124,139,163],"by":[56,173],"fitting":[57],"deep":[59,136,158],"neural":[60],"network":[61],"new":[64],"large":[65],"dataset":[66],"crowdsourced":[68],"judgments.Subjects":[70],"prompted":[72],"answer":[74],"straightforward,":[76],"objective":[77],"question:":[78],"two":[80],"recordings":[81],"identical":[82],"or":[83],"not?These":[84],"pairs":[85],"algorithmically":[87],"generated":[88],"under":[89],"variety":[91],"perturbations,":[93],"including":[94],"noise,":[95],"reverb,":[96],"compression":[98],"artifacts;":[99],"perturbation":[101],"space":[102],"probed":[104],"goal":[107],"efficiently":[109],"identifying":[110],"just-noticeable":[112],"difference":[113],"(JND)":[114],"level":[115],"subject.We":[118],"show":[119],"that":[120],"resulting":[122],"learned":[123],"well-calibrated":[126],"judgments,":[129],"outperforming":[130],"baseline":[131],"methods.Since":[132],"it":[133,143],"network,":[137,170],"differentiable,":[141],"making":[142],"suitable":[144],"loss":[147,156],"function":[148],"tasks.Thus,":[151],"simply":[152],"replacing":[153],"existing":[155],"(e.g.,":[157],"feature":[159],"loss)":[160],"our":[162],"yields":[164],"significant":[165],"improvement":[166],"in":[167],"denoising":[169],"measured":[172],"subjective":[174],"pairwise":[175],"comparison.":[176]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-07-14T23:27:15.235271","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}