{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2955333723","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21437/interspeech.2019-2638","title":"Privacy-Preserving Speaker Recognition with Cohort Score Normalisation","display_name":"Privacy-Preserving Speaker Recognition with Cohort Score Normalisation","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-09-13","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2955333723","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21437/interspeech.2019-2638","mag":"2955333723"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.21437/interspeech.2019-2638","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.21437/interspeech.2019-2638","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Interspeech 2019","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref","datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1907.03454","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019383045","display_name":"Andreas Nautsch","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99464096","display_name":"KU Leuven","ror":"https://ror.org/05f950310","country_code":"BE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99464096"]}],"countries":["BE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Andreas Nautsch","raw_affiliation_strings":["KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99464096"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046246613","display_name":"Jos\u00e9 Patino","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7193-0721"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1902872","display_name":"EURECOM","ror":"https://ror.org/00sse7z02","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1902872","https://openalex.org/I205703379"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jose Patino","raw_affiliation_strings":["EURECOM, Valbonne, France"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"EURECOM, Valbonne, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1902872"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090704762","display_name":"Amos Treiber","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2998-8855"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I31512782","display_name":"Technical University of Darmstadt","ror":"https://ror.org/05n911h24","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I31512782"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Amos Treiber","raw_affiliation_strings":["Technical University of Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Technical University of Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31512782"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061939508","display_name":"Themos Stafylakis","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9227-3588"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I60587646","display_name":"Brno University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03613d656","country_code":"CZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I60587646"]}],"countries":["CZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Themos Stafylakis","raw_affiliation_strings":["Brno University of Technology, Brno, Czechia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Brno University of Technology, Brno, Czechia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I60587646"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040000490","display_name":"Petr Mizera","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I31512782","display_name":"Technical University of Darmstadt","ror":"https://ror.org/05n911h24","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I31512782"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Petr Mizera","raw_affiliation_strings":["Technische Universit\u00e4t Darmstadt,"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Technische Universit\u00e4t Darmstadt,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31512782"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049594655","display_name":"Massimiliano Todisco","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2883-0324"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I31512782","display_name":"Technical University of Darmstadt","ror":"https://ror.org/05n911h24","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I31512782"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Massimiliano Todisco","raw_affiliation_strings":["Technische Universit\u00e4t Darmstadt,"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Technische Universit\u00e4t Darmstadt,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31512782"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100724917","display_name":"Thomas Schneider","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8090-1316"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I31512782","display_name":"Technical University of Darmstadt","ror":"https://ror.org/05n911h24","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I31512782"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Thomas Schneider","raw_affiliation_strings":["Technical University of Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Technical University of Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31512782"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066811192","display_name":"Nicholas Evans","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8459-1041"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1902872","display_name":"EURECOM","ror":"https://ror.org/00sse7z02","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1902872","https://openalex.org/I205703379"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nicholas Evans","raw_affiliation_strings":["EURECOM, Valbonne, France"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"EURECOM, Valbonne, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1902872"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":4,"institutions_distinct_count":8,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5019383045"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99464096"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.066338,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"2868","last_page":"2872"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10201","display_name":"Speech Recognition and Synthesis","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10201","display_name":"Speech Recognition and Synthesis","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11309","display_name":"Music and Audio Processing","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10860","display_name":"Speech and Audio Processing","score":0.9969000220298767,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7735110521316528},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biometrics","display_name":"Biometrics","score":0.6970765590667725},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/homomorphic-encryption","display_name":"Homomorphic encryption","score":0.6500512361526489},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/encryption","display_name":"Encryption","score":0.557274580001831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-privacy","display_name":"Information privacy","score":0.4950543940067291},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cryptography","display_name":"Cryptography","score":0.41180601716041565},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.3598365783691406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.3387115001678467}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7735110521316528},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184297639","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177765","display_name":"Biometrics","level":2,"score":0.6970765590667725},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158338273","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2154943","display_name":"Homomorphic encryption","level":3,"score":0.6500512361526489},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148730421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141090","display_name":"Encryption","level":2,"score":0.557274580001831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123201435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q456632","display_name":"Information privacy","level":2,"score":0.4950543940067291},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178489894","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8789","display_name":"Cryptography","level":2,"score":0.41180601716041565},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.3598365783691406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.3387115001678467}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":7,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.21437/interspeech.2019-2638","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.21437/interspeech.2019-2638","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Interspeech 2019","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:1907.03454","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/1907.03454","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1907.03454","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"mag:2955333723","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1907.03454.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:HAL:hal-03555651v1","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://hal.science/hal-03555651","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402512","display_name":"HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1294671590","host_organization_name":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Interspeech 2019, Sep 2019, Graz, Austria. pp.2868-2872, ⟨10.21437/Interspeech.2019-2638⟩","raw_type":"Conference papers"},{"id":"pmh:oai:fr.eurecom:5937","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://www.eurecom.fr/publication/5937","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196942","display_name":"Graduate School and Research Center in Digital Science (EURECOM)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1902872","host_organization_name":"EURECOM","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1902872"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"INTERSPEECH 2019, 20th Annual Conference of the International Speech Communication Association, September 15-19, 2019, Graz, Austria","raw_type":"Conference"},{"id":"pmh:oai:tubiblio.ulb.tu-darmstadt.de:114198","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://tubiblio.ulb.tu-darmstadt.de/114198/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196390","display_name":"TUbilio (Technical University of Darmstadt)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I31512782","host_organization_name":"Technische Universit\u00e4t Darmstadt","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I31512782"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Konferenzver\u00f6ffentlichung"},{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.1907.03454","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1907.03454","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article-journal"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:1907.03454","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/1907.03454","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1907.03454","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","score":0.5600000023841858,"display_name":"Reduced inequalities"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":30,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W32630414","https://openalex.org/W48620395","https://openalex.org/W89560430","https://openalex.org/W105736000","https://openalex.org/W1524333225","https://openalex.org/W1573122101","https://openalex.org/W1573173475","https://openalex.org/W1623873962","https://openalex.org/W1658556320","https://openalex.org/W1969009977","https://openalex.org/W2027471022","https://openalex.org/W2035985557","https://openalex.org/W2036329595","https://openalex.org/W2061533153","https://openalex.org/W2088098460","https://openalex.org/W2092422002","https://openalex.org/W2145580658","https://openalex.org/W2150769028","https://openalex.org/W2160371485","https://openalex.org/W2408592790","https://openalex.org/W2478893932","https://openalex.org/W2522662275","https://openalex.org/W2757927421","https://openalex.org/W2791874343","https://openalex.org/W2804829993","https://openalex.org/W2806521799","https://openalex.org/W2806563680","https://openalex.org/W2918056293","https://openalex.org/W2929650703","https://openalex.org/W2951152347"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3024684616","https://openalex.org/W2991507763","https://openalex.org/W2735323847","https://openalex.org/W2916903408","https://openalex.org/W3143449803","https://openalex.org/W2902965207","https://openalex.org/W1515255882","https://openalex.org/W1496551722","https://openalex.org/W2981716510","https://openalex.org/W2171673865","https://openalex.org/W2374573391","https://openalex.org/W2996288166","https://openalex.org/W2547757468","https://openalex.org/W2805804370","https://openalex.org/W3131400645","https://openalex.org/W2054514509","https://openalex.org/W1726003012","https://openalex.org/W2001336960","https://openalex.org/W2097227265","https://openalex.org/W1992642694"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"many":[1,95],"voice":[2,31,164],"biometrics":[3,32,39],"applications":[4],"there":[5],"is":[6,33,75,103,137,169],"a":[7,138],"requirement":[8],"to":[9,30,58,130],"preserve":[10],"privacy,":[11],"not":[12],"least":[13],"because":[14],"of":[15,90,97],"the":[16,63,72,125,167,182],"recently":[17],"enforced":[18],"General":[19],"Data":[20],"Protection":[21],"Regulation":[22],"(GDPR).":[23],"Though":[24],"progress":[25],"in":[26,37,71,171,181],"bringing":[27],"privacy":[28,120],"preservation":[29],"lagging":[34],"behind":[35],"developments":[36],"other":[38],"communities,":[40],"recent":[41],"years":[42],"have":[43],"seen":[44],"rapid":[45],"progress,":[46],"with":[47],"secure":[48,144],"computation":[49,146],"mechanisms":[50],"such":[51],"as":[52],"homomorphic":[53],"encryption":[54],"being":[55],"applied":[56],"successfully":[57],"speaker":[59],"recognition.":[60],"Even":[61],"so,":[62],"computational":[64,101],"overhead":[65,102],"incurred":[66],"by":[67],"processing":[68],"speech":[69],"data":[70],"encrypted":[73,183],"domain":[74],"substantial.":[76],"While":[77,166],"still":[78],"tolerable":[79],"for":[80,119],"single":[81],"biometric":[82,98,172,178],"comparisons,":[83],"most":[84],"state-of-the-art":[85],"systems":[86],"perform":[87],"some":[88],"form":[89],"cohort-based":[91],"score":[92,115,133,150],"normalisation,":[93],"requiring":[94],"thousands":[96],"comparisons.":[99,158],"The":[100,159],"then":[104],"prohibitive,":[105],"meaning":[106],"that":[107],"one":[108],"must":[109],"accept":[110],"either":[111],"degraded":[112],"performance":[113],"(no":[114],"normalisation)":[116],"or":[117],"potential":[118],"violations.":[121],"This":[122],"paper":[123],"proposes":[124],"first":[126],"computationally":[127],"feasible":[128],"approach":[129],"privacy-preserving":[131,149],"cohort":[132,139],"normalisation.":[134],"Our":[135],"solution":[136,160],"pruning":[140],"scheme":[141],"based":[142],"on":[143],"multi-party":[145],"which":[147],"enables":[148],"normalisation":[151],"using":[152],"probabilistic":[153],"linear":[154],"discriminant":[155],"analysis":[156],"(PLDA)":[157],"operates":[161],"upon":[162],"binary":[163],"representations.":[165],"binarisation":[168],"lossy":[170],"rank-1":[173],"performance,":[174],"it":[175],"supports":[176],"computationally-feasible":[177],"rank-n":[179],"comparisons":[180],"domain.":[184]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-02-26T08:16:20.718346","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}