{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2973029565","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21437/interspeech.2019-1161","title":"Code-Switching Detection Using ASR-Generated Language Posteriors","display_name":"Code-Switching Detection Using ASR-Generated Language Posteriors","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-09-13","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2973029565","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21437/interspeech.2019-1161","mag":"2973029565"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.21437/interspeech.2019-1161","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.21437/interspeech.2019-1161","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Interspeech 2019","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072944511","display_name":"Qinyi Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9858-1170"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165932596","display_name":"National University of Singapore","ror":"https://ror.org/01tgyzw49","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165932596"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Qinyi Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165932596"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004568334","display_name":"Emre Y\u0131lmaz","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7466-3358"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165932596","display_name":"National University of Singapore","ror":"https://ror.org/01tgyzw49","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165932596"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Emre Y\u0131lmaz","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165932596"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062952705","display_name":"Adem Derinel","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165932596","display_name":"National University of Singapore","ror":"https://ror.org/01tgyzw49","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165932596"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Adem Derinel","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165932596"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032690182","display_name":"Haizhou Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9158-9401"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165932596","display_name":"National University of Singapore","ror":"https://ror.org/01tgyzw49","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165932596"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Haizhou Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165932596"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5072944511"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165932596"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.14,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.56978103,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"3740","last_page":"3744"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10201","display_name":"Speech Recognition and Synthesis","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10201","display_name":"Speech Recognition and Synthesis","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10860","display_name":"Speech and Audio Processing","score":0.9929999709129333,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12031","display_name":"Speech and dialogue systems","score":0.9925000071525574,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7738029956817627},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/code-switching","display_name":"Code-switching","score":0.6279783844947815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/code","display_name":"Code (set theory)","score":0.5488213300704956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.4470410943031311},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.34240663051605225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-recognition","display_name":"Speech recognition","score":0.34151536226272583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linguistics","display_name":"Linguistics","score":0.10293102264404297}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7738029956817627},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18552078","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q255615","display_name":"Code-switching","level":2,"score":0.6279783844947815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776760102","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5139990","display_name":"Code (set theory)","level":3,"score":0.5488213300704956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.4470410943031311},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.34240663051605225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.34151536226272583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.10293102264404297},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.21437/interspeech.2019-1161","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.21437/interspeech.2019-1161","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Interspeech 2019","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6600000262260437,"display_name":"Quality Education","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320671","display_name":"National Research Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/05s0g1g46"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":31,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W29952999","https://openalex.org/W39894373","https://openalex.org/W308745112","https://openalex.org/W1524333225","https://openalex.org/W1531318651","https://openalex.org/W1547265124","https://openalex.org/W1586405805","https://openalex.org/W2023946512","https://openalex.org/W2049032416","https://openalex.org/W2056200968","https://openalex.org/W2079623482","https://openalex.org/W2098355803","https://openalex.org/W2134817403","https://openalex.org/W2153433699","https://openalex.org/W2252035782","https://openalex.org/W2262393948","https://openalex.org/W2402738905","https://openalex.org/W2512355221","https://openalex.org/W2514741789","https://openalex.org/W2571803900","https://openalex.org/W2581272998","https://openalex.org/W2587496545","https://openalex.org/W2729190387","https://openalex.org/W2741952725","https://openalex.org/W2745821291","https://openalex.org/W2749874290","https://openalex.org/W2749990163","https://openalex.org/W2767613622","https://openalex.org/W2787311093","https://openalex.org/W2883989418","https://openalex.org/W4289743495"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2432897346","https://openalex.org/W2771594921","https://openalex.org/W3138119129","https://openalex.org/W2181336723","https://openalex.org/W3158134258","https://openalex.org/W2940588741","https://openalex.org/W2293063924","https://openalex.org/W2974240475","https://openalex.org/W3002509766","https://openalex.org/W3135422222"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Code-switching":[0],"(CS)":[1],"detection":[2,7,41,84,143,154,169],"refers":[3],"to":[4,68,86,106,123,134],"the":[5,39,44,51,55,92,97,100,107,124,128,147,157,178],"automatic":[6,22],"of":[8,43,54,99,103,127,162],"language":[9,31,73,93,112,149,175],"switches":[10],"in":[11,160,183],"code-mixed":[12],"utterances.This":[13],"task":[14],"can":[15,28],"be":[16],"achieved":[17],"by":[18,49,90],"using":[19,50,91,174],"a":[20,79,166],"CS":[21,46,83,110,140,142,168,186],"speech":[23],"recognition":[24],"(ASR)":[25],"system":[26,48,159],"that":[27,61,146,173],"handle":[29],"such":[30],"switches.In":[32,74],"our":[33],"previous":[34],"work,":[35],"we":[36,77],"have":[37],"investigated":[38],"code-switching":[40],"performance":[42],"Frisian-Dutch":[45],"ASR":[47,129],"time":[52,125],"alignment":[53,126],"most":[56],"likely":[57],"hypothesis":[58],"and":[59,138,181],"found":[60],"this":[62,75,88],"technique":[63],"suffers":[64],"from":[65],"over-switching":[66],"due":[67],"numerous":[69],"very":[70],"short":[71],"spurious":[72],"paper,":[76],"propose":[78],"novel":[80],"method":[81],"for":[82],"aiming":[85],"remedy":[87],"shortcoming":[89],"posteriors":[94,102,113,176],"which":[95],"are":[96],"sum":[98],"framelevel":[101],"phones":[104],"belonging":[105],"same":[108],"language.The":[109],"ASR-generated":[111],"contain":[114],"more":[115,136,184],"complete":[116],"language-specific":[117],"information":[118],"on":[119],"frame":[120],"level":[121],"compared":[122],"output.Hence,":[130],"it":[131],"is":[132],"expected":[133],"yield":[135],"accurate":[137],"robust":[139,185],"detection.The":[141],"experiments":[144],"demonstrate":[145],"proposed":[148],"posterior-based":[150],"approach":[151],"provides":[152],"higher":[153],"accuracy":[155],"than":[156],"baseline":[158],"terms":[161],"equal":[163],"error":[164,170],"rate.Moreover,":[165],"detailed":[167],"analysis":[171],"reveals":[172],"reduces":[177],"false":[179],"alarms":[180],"results":[182],"detection.":[187]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
