{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2888823109","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21437/interspeech.2018-2066","title":"The Effect of Real-Time Constraints on Automatic Speech Animation","display_name":"The Effect of Real-Time Constraints on Automatic Speech Animation","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-08-28","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2888823109","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21437/interspeech.2018-2066","mag":"2888823109"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.21437/interspeech.2018-2066","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.21437/interspeech.2018-2066","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Interspeech 2018","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067398774","display_name":"Danny Websdale","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6856-772X"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Danny Websdale","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computing Sciences"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computing Sciences","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101923852","display_name":"Sarah Taylor","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1299-0446"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sarah Taylor","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computing Sciences"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computing Sciences","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023076395","display_name":"Ben Milner","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ben Milner","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computing Sciences"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computing Sciences","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.562,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.67849176,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"2479","last_page":"2483"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12290","display_name":"Human Motion and Animation","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12290","display_name":"Human Motion and Animation","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12031","display_name":"Speech and dialogue systems","score":0.9854000210762024,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13310","display_name":"Subtitles and Audiovisual Media","score":0.9757000207901001,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1203","display_name":"Language and Linguistics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8002831935882568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/animation","display_name":"Animation","score":0.6485215425491333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-graphics","display_name":"Computer graphics (images)","score":0.507524847984314},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-recognition","display_name":"Speech recognition","score":0.4763198792934418},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-animation","display_name":"Computer animation","score":0.47475340962409973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-facial-animation","display_name":"Computer facial animation","score":0.4568822979927063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013computer-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","score":0.3765575587749481}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8002831935882568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C502989409","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11425","display_name":"Animation","level":2,"score":0.6485215425491333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121684516","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7600677","display_name":"Computer graphics (images)","level":1,"score":0.507524847984314},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.4763198792934418},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C69369342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1401416","display_name":"Computer animation","level":3,"score":0.47475340962409973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138591656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5157538","display_name":"Computer facial animation","level":4,"score":0.4568822979927063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.3765575587749481}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.21437/interspeech.2018-2066","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.21437/interspeech.2018-2066","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Interspeech 2018","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:ueaeprints.uea.ac.uk:71940","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400384","display_name":"UEA Digital Repository (University of East Anglia)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1118541","host_organization_name":"University of East Anglia","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1118541"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"NonPeerReviewed"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6000000238418579,"display_name":"Quality Education","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G455538984","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"EP/M014053/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/0439y7842"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":23,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W161296368","https://openalex.org/W1165382972","https://openalex.org/W1522301498","https://openalex.org/W1547376871","https://openalex.org/W1554803342","https://openalex.org/W1569907127","https://openalex.org/W1810943226","https://openalex.org/W1836465849","https://openalex.org/W2000911139","https://openalex.org/W2005708641","https://openalex.org/W2038548569","https://openalex.org/W2079735306","https://openalex.org/W2082308025","https://openalex.org/W2152826865","https://openalex.org/W2157986450","https://openalex.org/W2294797155","https://openalex.org/W2384495648","https://openalex.org/W2738406145","https://openalex.org/W2739192055","https://openalex.org/W2745980686","https://openalex.org/W2762899171","https://openalex.org/W2949117887","https://openalex.org/W4254751698"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1544039745","https://openalex.org/W2121378366","https://openalex.org/W2999276620","https://openalex.org/W2532377291","https://openalex.org/W1976926596","https://openalex.org/W2989004599","https://openalex.org/W3094080214","https://openalex.org/W2535923857","https://openalex.org/W2156310872","https://openalex.org/W2215755978"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Machine":[0],"learning":[1],"has":[2],"previously":[3],"been":[4],"applied":[5],"successfully":[6],"to":[7,22,91,124],"speech-driven":[8],"facial":[9,25],"animation.":[10],"To":[11],"account":[12],"for":[13,47,65],"carry-over":[14],"and":[15,38,55,70,109],"anticipatory":[16],"coarticulation":[17],"a":[18,28,77],"common":[19],"approach":[20,46],"is":[21,68],"predict":[23],"the":[24,49,89,94,98],"pose":[26],"using":[27,103],"symmetric":[29],"window":[30],"of":[31,51,80,100],"acoustic":[32],"speech":[33,67],"that":[34],"includes":[35],"both":[36,104],"past":[37],"future":[39,42,95,119],"context.":[40],"Using":[41],"context":[43,96],"limits":[44],"this":[45],"animating":[48],"faces":[50],"characters":[52],"in":[53],"real-time":[54],"networked":[56],"applications,":[57],"such":[58],"as":[59],"online":[60],"gaming.":[61],"An":[62],"acceptable":[63],"latency":[64],"conversational":[66],"200ms":[69],"typically":[71],"network":[72],"transmission":[73],"times":[74],"will":[75],"consume":[76],"significant":[78],"part":[79],"this.":[81],"Consequently,":[82],"we":[83,117],"consider":[84],"asymmetric":[85],"windows":[86],"by":[87],"investigating":[88],"extent":[90],"which":[92],"decreasing":[93],"effects":[97],"quality":[99],"predicted":[101],"animation":[102],"deep":[105],"neural":[106,113],"networks":[107,114],"(DNNs)":[108],"bi-directional":[110],"LSTM":[111],"recurrent":[112],"(BiLSTMs).":[115],"Specifically":[116],"investigate":[118],"contexts":[120],"from":[121],"170ms":[122],"(fully-symmetric)":[123],"0ms":[125],"(fullyasymmetric":[126],"\u2026":[127]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}