{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2953219395","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21437/interspeech.2017-1737","title":"Convolutional Recurrent Neural Networks for Small-Footprint Keyword Spotting","display_name":"Convolutional Recurrent Neural Networks for Small-Footprint Keyword Spotting","publication_year":2017,"publication_date":"2017-08-16","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2953219395","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21437/interspeech.2017-1737","mag":"2953219395"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.21437/interspeech.2017-1737","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.21437/interspeech.2017-1737","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Interspeech 2017","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037420650","display_name":"Sercan \u00d6. Ar\u0131k","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6333-1729"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1343180700","display_name":"Intel (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/01ek73717","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1343180700"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210148712","display_name":"Silicon Valley University","ror":"https://ror.org/04jk6hn97","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210148712"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Sercan \u00d6. Ar\u0131k","raw_affiliation_strings":["Baidu Silicon Valley Artificial Intelligence Lab, 1195 Bordeaux Dr. Sunnyvale, CA 94089, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Baidu Silicon Valley Artificial Intelligence Lab, 1195 Bordeaux Dr. Sunnyvale, CA 94089, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210148712","https://openalex.org/I1343180700"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076322978","display_name":"Markus Kliegl","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6063-3959"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1343180700","display_name":"Intel (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/01ek73717","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1343180700"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210148712","display_name":"Silicon Valley University","ror":"https://ror.org/04jk6hn97","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210148712"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Markus Kliegl","raw_affiliation_strings":["Baidu Silicon Valley Artificial Intelligence Lab, 1195 Bordeaux Dr. Sunnyvale, CA 94089, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Baidu Silicon Valley Artificial Intelligence Lab, 1195 Bordeaux Dr. Sunnyvale, CA 94089, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210148712","https://openalex.org/I1343180700"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084512458","display_name":"Rewon Child","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1343180700","display_name":"Intel (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/01ek73717","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1343180700"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210148712","display_name":"Silicon Valley University","ror":"https://ror.org/04jk6hn97","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210148712"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rewon Child","raw_affiliation_strings":["Baidu Silicon Valley Artificial Intelligence Lab, 1195 Bordeaux Dr. Sunnyvale, CA 94089, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Baidu Silicon Valley Artificial Intelligence Lab, 1195 Bordeaux Dr. Sunnyvale, CA 94089, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210148712","https://openalex.org/I1343180700"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089825123","display_name":"Joel Hestness","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6920-0906"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1343180700","display_name":"Intel (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/01ek73717","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1343180700"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210148712","display_name":"Silicon Valley University","ror":"https://ror.org/04jk6hn97","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210148712"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Joel Hestness","raw_affiliation_strings":["Baidu Silicon Valley Artificial Intelligence Lab, 1195 Bordeaux Dr. Sunnyvale, CA 94089, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Baidu Silicon Valley Artificial Intelligence Lab, 1195 Bordeaux Dr. Sunnyvale, CA 94089, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210148712","https://openalex.org/I1343180700"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011235394","display_name":"Andrew Gibiansky","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1343180700","display_name":"Intel (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/01ek73717","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1343180700"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210148712","display_name":"Silicon Valley University","ror":"https://ror.org/04jk6hn97","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210148712"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Andrew Gibiansky","raw_affiliation_strings":["Baidu Silicon Valley Artificial Intelligence Lab, 1195 Bordeaux Dr. Sunnyvale, CA 94089, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Baidu Silicon Valley Artificial Intelligence Lab, 1195 Bordeaux Dr. Sunnyvale, CA 94089, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210148712","https://openalex.org/I1343180700"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023305949","display_name":"Chris Fougner","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1343180700","display_name":"Intel (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/01ek73717","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1343180700"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210148712","display_name":"Silicon Valley University","ror":"https://ror.org/04jk6hn97","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210148712"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chris Fougner","raw_affiliation_strings":["Baidu Silicon Valley Artificial Intelligence Lab, 1195 Bordeaux Dr. Sunnyvale, CA 94089, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Baidu Silicon Valley Artificial Intelligence Lab, 1195 Bordeaux Dr. Sunnyvale, CA 94089, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210148712","https://openalex.org/I1343180700"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010578786","display_name":"Ryan Prenger","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1343180700","display_name":"Intel (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/01ek73717","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1343180700"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210148712","display_name":"Silicon Valley University","ror":"https://ror.org/04jk6hn97","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210148712"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ryan Prenger","raw_affiliation_strings":["Baidu Silicon Valley Artificial Intelligence Lab, 1195 Bordeaux Dr. Sunnyvale, CA 94089, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Baidu Silicon Valley Artificial Intelligence Lab, 1195 Bordeaux Dr. Sunnyvale, CA 94089, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210148712","https://openalex.org/I1343180700"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103153292","display_name":"Adam Coates","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4004-1603"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1343180700","display_name":"Intel (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/01ek73717","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1343180700"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210148712","display_name":"Silicon Valley University","ror":"https://ror.org/04jk6hn97","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210148712"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Adam Coates","raw_affiliation_strings":["Baidu Silicon Valley Artificial Intelligence Lab, 1195 Bordeaux Dr. Sunnyvale, CA 94089, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Baidu Silicon Valley Artificial Intelligence Lab, 1195 Bordeaux Dr. Sunnyvale, CA 94089, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210148712","https://openalex.org/I1343180700"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":8,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5037420650"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1343180700","https://openalex.org/I4210148712"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":13.4669,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":146,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98977427,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1606","last_page":"1610"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10201","display_name":"Speech Recognition and Synthesis","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10201","display_name":"Speech Recognition and Synthesis","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10860","display_name":"Speech and Audio Processing","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11309","display_name":"Music and Audio Processing","score":0.9958000183105469,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/keyword-spotting","display_name":"Keyword spotting","score":0.8361114263534546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/footprint","display_name":"Footprint","score":0.8088369369506836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7947644591331482},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.7779785990715027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/memory-footprint","display_name":"Memory footprint","score":0.5183678269386292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spotting","display_name":"Spotting","score":0.48555633425712585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4820607602596283},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-recognition","display_name":"Speech recognition","score":0.3428838849067688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.06303393840789795},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.06032511591911316}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781213101","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6398558","display_name":"Keyword spotting","level":2,"score":0.8361114263534546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132943942","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2562511","display_name":"Footprint","level":2,"score":0.8088369369506836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7947644591331482},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.7779785990715027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74912251","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6815727","display_name":"Memory footprint","level":2,"score":0.5183678269386292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779506182","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7580141","display_name":"Spotting","level":2,"score":0.48555633425712585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4820607602596283},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.3428838849067688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.06303393840789795},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.06032511591911316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.21437/interspeech.2017-1737","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.21437/interspeech.2017-1737","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Interspeech 2017","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":18,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1485222997","https://openalex.org/W1522301498","https://openalex.org/W1553469512","https://openalex.org/W1600744878","https://openalex.org/W1974110359","https://openalex.org/W2034940213","https://openalex.org/W2056986588","https://openalex.org/W2193413348","https://openalex.org/W2212465773","https://openalex.org/W2395106899","https://openalex.org/W2407023693","https://openalex.org/W2507319753","https://openalex.org/W2507580616","https://openalex.org/W2539797148","https://openalex.org/W2949964376","https://openalex.org/W2963881567","https://openalex.org/W2964199361","https://openalex.org/W4294621971"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2918559346","https://openalex.org/W3119978414","https://openalex.org/W2114097550","https://openalex.org/W2545741539","https://openalex.org/W2516975559","https://openalex.org/W3206647229","https://openalex.org/W4286904253","https://openalex.org/W2000885660","https://openalex.org/W1969408022","https://openalex.org/W1989658893"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Keyword":[0],"spotting":[1],"(KWS)":[2],"constitutes":[3],"a":[4,14],"major":[5],"component":[6],"of":[7,52,68],"human-technology":[8],"interfaces.Maximizing":[9],"the":[10,22,29,50,66],"detection":[11],"accuracy":[12,91],"at":[13,92],"low":[15,86],"false":[16],"alarm":[17],"(FA)":[18],"rate,":[19],"while":[20],"minimizing":[21],"footprint":[23],"size,":[24],"latency":[25],"and":[26,55,62,71,88],"complexity":[27],"are":[28],"goals":[30],"for":[31,95],"KWS.Towards":[32],"achieving":[33],"them,":[34],"we":[35,48],"study":[36],"Convolutional":[37],"Recurrent":[38],"Neural":[39],"Networks":[40],"(CRNNs).Inspired":[41],"by":[42],"large-scale":[43],"state-ofthe-art":[44],"speech":[45],"recognition":[46],"systems,":[47],"combine":[49],"strengths":[51],"convolutional":[53],"layers":[54,57],"recurrent":[56],"to":[58,75],"exploit":[59],"local":[60],"structure":[61],"long-range":[63],"context.We":[64],"analyze":[65],"effect":[67],"architecture":[69],"parameters,":[70,80],"propose":[72],"training":[73],"strategies":[74],"improve":[76],"performance.With":[77],"only":[78],"~230k":[79],"our":[81],"CRNN":[82],"model":[83],"yields":[84],"acceptably":[85],"latency,":[87],"achieves":[89],"97.71%":[90],"0.5":[93],"FA/hour":[94],"5":[96],"dB":[97],"signal-to-noise":[98],"ratio.":[99]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":21},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":30},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":24},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":25},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-09T08:58:05.943551","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
