{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2401430117","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21437/interspeech.2015-726","title":"Joint decoding of tandem and hybrid systems for improved keyword spotting on low resource languages","display_name":"Joint decoding of tandem and hybrid systems for improved keyword spotting on low resource languages","publication_year":2015,"publication_date":"2015-09-06","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2401430117","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21437/interspeech.2015-726","mag":"2401430117"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.21437/interspeech.2015-726","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.21437/interspeech.2015-726","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Interspeech 2015","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"http://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/152837/8/Wang%20et%20al%202015%20Joint%20Decoding%20of%20Tandem%20and%20Hybrid%20Systems%20for%20Improved%20Keyword%20Spotting%20on%20Low%20Resource%20Languages%20ISCA.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100405764","display_name":"Haipeng Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-9392-8505"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I241749","display_name":"University of Cambridge","ror":"https://ror.org/013meh722","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I241749"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Haipeng Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Cambridge University Engineering Department Trumpington Street, Cambridge, CB2 1PZ, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Cambridge University Engineering Department Trumpington Street, Cambridge, CB2 1PZ, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I241749"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024283093","display_name":"Anton Ragni","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0634-4456"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I241749","display_name":"University of Cambridge","ror":"https://ror.org/013meh722","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I241749"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Anton Ragni","raw_affiliation_strings":["Cambridge University Engineering Department Trumpington Street, Cambridge, CB2 1PZ, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Cambridge University Engineering Department Trumpington Street, Cambridge, CB2 1PZ, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I241749"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050766679","display_name":"Mark Gales","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5311-8219"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I241749","display_name":"University of Cambridge","ror":"https://ror.org/013meh722","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I241749"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mark J. F. Gales","raw_affiliation_strings":["Cambridge University Engineering Department Trumpington Street, Cambridge, CB2 1PZ, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Cambridge University Engineering Department Trumpington Street, Cambridge, CB2 1PZ, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I241749"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111076409","display_name":"Kate Knill","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I241749","display_name":"University of Cambridge","ror":"https://ror.org/013meh722","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I241749"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Kate M. Knill","raw_affiliation_strings":["Cambridge University Engineering Department Trumpington Street, Cambridge, CB2 1PZ, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Cambridge University Engineering Department Trumpington Street, Cambridge, CB2 1PZ, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I241749"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002191410","display_name":"Philip C. Woodland","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9069-0225"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I241749","display_name":"University of Cambridge","ror":"https://ror.org/013meh722","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I241749"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Philip C. Woodland","raw_affiliation_strings":["Cambridge University Engineering Department Trumpington Street, Cambridge, CB2 1PZ, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Cambridge University Engineering Department Trumpington Street, Cambridge, CB2 1PZ, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I241749"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024683351","display_name":"C Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7421-1471"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I241749","display_name":"University of Cambridge","ror":"https://ror.org/013meh722","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I241749"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"C. Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Cambridge University Engineering Department Trumpington Street, Cambridge, CB2 1PZ, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Cambridge University Engineering Department Trumpington Street, Cambridge, CB2 1PZ, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I241749"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5111076409"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I241749"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":14.248,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":47,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98849325,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"3660","last_page":"3664"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10201","display_name":"Speech Recognition and Synthesis","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10201","display_name":"Speech Recognition and Synthesis","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10860","display_name":"Speech and Audio Processing","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11309","display_name":"Music and Audio Processing","score":0.998199999332428,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/keyword-spotting","display_name":"Keyword spotting","score":0.9240274429321289},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/decoding-methods","display_name":"Decoding methods","score":0.9100323915481567},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7870927453041077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/joint","display_name":"Joint (building)","score":0.7189320921897888},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-recognition","display_name":"Speech recognition","score":0.5477792024612427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tandem","display_name":"Tandem","score":0.5363593697547913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hybrid-system","display_name":"Hybrid system","score":0.4277557134628296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3730100393295288},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.28677356243133545},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.15007394552230835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.07253333926200867}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781213101","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6398558","display_name":"Keyword spotting","level":2,"score":0.9240274429321289},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57273362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q576722","display_name":"Decoding methods","level":2,"score":0.9100323915481567},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7870927453041077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18555067","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8375051","display_name":"Joint (building)","level":2,"score":0.7189320921897888},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.5477792024612427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777814067","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1752317","display_name":"Tandem","level":2,"score":0.5363593697547913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50897621","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2665508","display_name":"Hybrid system","level":2,"score":0.4277557134628296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3730100393295288},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.28677356243133545},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.15007394552230835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.07253333926200867},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C170154142","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q150737","display_name":"Architectural engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.21437/interspeech.2015-726","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.21437/interspeech.2015-726","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Interspeech 2015","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:eprints.whiterose.ac.uk:152837","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":"http://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/152837/8/Wang%20et%20al%202015%20Joint%20Decoding%20of%20Tandem%20and%20Hybrid%20Systems%20for%20Improved%20Keyword%20Spotting%20on%20Low%20Resource%20Languages%20ISCA.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400854","display_name":"White Rose Research Online (University of Leeds, The University of Sheffield, University of York)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2800616092","host_organization_name":"White Rose University Consortium","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800616092"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Proceedings Paper"},{"id":"pmh:oai:www.repository.cam.ac.uk:1810/279187","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/279187","pdf_url":"https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/279187","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401777","display_name":"Apollo (University of Cambridge)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I241749","host_organization_name":"University of Cambridge","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I241749"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Conference Object"},{"id":"pmh:oai:generic.eprints.org:754638","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://publications.eng.cam.ac.uk/754638/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4406922847","display_name":"Cambridge University Engineering Department Publications Database","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Conference or Workshop Item"},{"id":"doi:10.17863/cam.26567","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.17863/cam.26567","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407050737","display_name":"Apollo","issn_l":null,"issn":[],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:eprints.whiterose.ac.uk:152837","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":"http://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/152837/8/Wang%20et%20al%202015%20Joint%20Decoding%20of%20Tandem%20and%20Hybrid%20Systems%20for%20Improved%20Keyword%20Spotting%20on%20Low%20Resource%20Languages%20ISCA.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400854","display_name":"White Rose Research Online (University of Leeds, The University of Sheffield, University of York)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2800616092","host_organization_name":"White Rose University Consortium","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800616092"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Proceedings Paper"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8","score":0.5,"display_name":"Decent work and economic growth"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2531681599","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"W911NF-12-C-0012","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338295","funder_display_name":"Army Research Laboratory"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5259331294","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"W911NF","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338295","funder_display_name":"Army Research Laboratory"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306078","display_name":"U.S. Department of Defense","ror":"https://ror.org/0447fe631"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320333051","display_name":"Intelligence Advanced Research Projects Activity","ror":"https://ror.org/01v3fsc55"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338295","display_name":"Army Research Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/011hc8f90"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2401430117.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2401430117.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":43,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W23025778","https://openalex.org/W114193738","https://openalex.org/W173561343","https://openalex.org/W1486364748","https://openalex.org/W1506752962","https://openalex.org/W1524333225","https://openalex.org/W1553004968","https://openalex.org/W1599512239","https://openalex.org/W1904457459","https://openalex.org/W1975113979","https://openalex.org/W1975550806","https://openalex.org/W1984746632","https://openalex.org/W1987563958","https://openalex.org/W1993660824","https://openalex.org/W1993882792","https://openalex.org/W2002342963","https://openalex.org/W2023155336","https://openalex.org/W2028706510","https://openalex.org/W2028956843","https://openalex.org/W2030694415","https://openalex.org/W2052274902","https://openalex.org/W2060494110","https://openalex.org/W2074932712","https://openalex.org/W2080401855","https://openalex.org/W2096140469","https://openalex.org/W2097316030","https://openalex.org/W2103621378","https://openalex.org/W2103635001","https://openalex.org/W2106554350","https://openalex.org/W2122489459","https://openalex.org/W2125436743","https://openalex.org/W2131342762","https://openalex.org/W2150907703","https://openalex.org/W2160650576","https://openalex.org/W2169189000","https://openalex.org/W2184045248","https://openalex.org/W2184343439","https://openalex.org/W2277634955","https://openalex.org/W2286443923","https://openalex.org/W2407698769","https://openalex.org/W2442329935","https://openalex.org/W3150942237","https://openalex.org/W4302557958"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2114097550","https://openalex.org/W2918559346","https://openalex.org/W84309476","https://openalex.org/W4385352507","https://openalex.org/W4389912005","https://openalex.org/W4286904253","https://openalex.org/W2386245264","https://openalex.org/W2388033618","https://openalex.org/W2378448517","https://openalex.org/W2017737780"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Copyright":[0],"\u00a9":[1],"2015":[2],"ISCA.":[3],"Keyword":[4],"spotting":[5],"(KWS)":[6],"for":[7,71],"low-resource":[8],"languages":[9,127],"has":[10,37],"drawn":[11],"increasing":[12],"attention":[13],"in":[14],"recent":[15],"years.":[16],"The":[17],"state-of-the-art":[18],"KWS":[19,42,72,161],"systems":[20],"are":[21],"based":[22],"on":[23,122],"lattices":[24,152,176],"or":[25,155],"Confusion":[26],"Networks":[27],"(CN)":[28],"generated":[29],"by":[30,47,166],"Automatic":[31],"Speech":[32],"Recognition":[33],"(ASR)":[34],"systems.":[35,63],"It":[36],"been":[38],"shown":[39],"that":[40,129],"considerable":[41],"gains":[43,137,162],"can":[44,163],"be":[45,164],"obtained":[46,165],"combining":[48],"the":[49,149,168,173],"keyword":[50,119],"detection":[51,169],"results":[52],"from":[53,172],"different":[54],"forms":[55],"of":[56,95,112,118,134],"ASR":[57],"systems,":[58],"e.g.,":[59],"Tandem":[60,80,154],"and":[61,82,90,114,159,177],"Hybrid":[62,84,156],"This":[64,76],"paper":[65],"investigates":[66],"an":[67],"alternative":[68],"combination":[69,94],"scheme":[70,77],"using":[73],"joint":[74,130,150,174],"decoding.":[75],"treats":[78],"a":[79,83,92,109,115],"system":[81,85],"as":[86,105],"two":[87],"separate":[88],"streams,":[89],"makes":[91],"linear":[93],"individual":[96,140],"acoustic":[97,157],"model":[98],"log-likelihoods.":[99],"Joint":[100],"decoding":[101,113,131,151,175],"is":[102,132,144],"more":[103],"efficient":[104],"it":[106,143],"requires":[107],"just":[108],"single":[110,116],"pass":[111,117],"search.":[120],"Experiments":[121],"six":[123],"Babel":[124],"OP2":[125],"development":[126],"show":[128],"capable":[133],"providing":[135],"consistent":[136],"over":[138],"each":[139],"system.":[141],"Moreover,":[142],"possible":[145],"to":[146],"efficiently":[147],"rescore":[148],"with":[153],"models,":[158],"further":[160],"merging":[167],"posting":[170],"lists":[171],"rescored":[178],"lattices.":[179]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-06-01T08:46:32.239190","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
