{"id":"https://openalex.org/W596888916","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21437/interspeech.2014-532","title":"Combination of FST and CN search in spoken term detection","display_name":"Combination of FST and CN search in spoken term detection","publication_year":2014,"publication_date":"2014-09-14","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W596888916","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21437/interspeech.2014-532","mag":"596888916"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.21437/interspeech.2014-532","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.21437/interspeech.2014-532","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Interspeech 2014","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref","datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://figshare.com/articles/journal_contribution/Combination_of_FST_and_CN_Search_in_Spoken_Term_Detection/6473276","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090130877","display_name":"Justin Chiu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-9304-216X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74973139","display_name":"Carnegie Mellon University","ror":"https://ror.org/05x2bcf33","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Justin Chiu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Carnegie Mellon University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Carnegie Mellon University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100377647","display_name":"Yun Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9732-9245"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74973139","display_name":"Carnegie Mellon University","ror":"https://ror.org/05x2bcf33","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yun Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Carnegie Mellon University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Carnegie Mellon University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017882589","display_name":"Jan Trmal","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145311948","display_name":"Johns Hopkins University","ror":"https://ror.org/00za53h95","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145311948"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jan Trmal","raw_affiliation_strings":["Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, United States"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145311948"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084286453","display_name":"Daniel Povey","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0611-3634"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145311948","display_name":"Johns Hopkins University","ror":"https://ror.org/00za53h95","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145311948"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Daniel Povey","raw_affiliation_strings":["Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, United States"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145311948"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081371370","display_name":"Guoguo Chen","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145311948","display_name":"Johns Hopkins University","ror":"https://ror.org/00za53h95","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145311948"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Guoguo Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Johns Hopkins University ("],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Johns Hopkins University (","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145311948"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040668817","display_name":"Alexander I. Rudnicky","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2044-8446"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74973139","display_name":"Carnegie Mellon University","ror":"https://ror.org/05x2bcf33","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alexander I. Rudnicky","raw_affiliation_strings":["Carnegie Mellon University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Carnegie Mellon University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":10,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"2784","last_page":"2788"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10201","display_name":"Speech Recognition and Synthesis","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10201","display_name":"Speech Recognition and Synthesis","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10860","display_name":"Speech and Audio Processing","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11309","display_name":"Music and Audio Processing","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7569458484649658},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phrase","display_name":"Phrase","score":0.6974523663520813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pipeline","display_name":"Pipeline (software)","score":0.6459722518920898},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/term","display_name":"Term (time)","score":0.6209691166877747},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/beam-search","display_name":"Beam search","score":0.6107815504074097},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/decoding-methods","display_name":"Decoding methods","score":0.58503258228302},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/word","display_name":"Word (group theory)","score":0.5200750231742859},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/search-algorithm","display_name":"Search algorithm","score":0.5155329704284668},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/confusion","display_name":"Confusion","score":0.5049799084663391},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4830194413661957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/search-engine","display_name":"Search engine","score":0.47984573245048523},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-recognition","display_name":"Speech recognition","score":0.4589162766933441},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-retrieval","display_name":"Information retrieval","score":0.2395777404308319},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.19454661011695862},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.08566462993621826}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7569458484649658},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776224158","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q187931","display_name":"Phrase","level":2,"score":0.6974523663520813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43521106","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2165493","display_name":"Pipeline (software)","level":2,"score":0.6459722518920898},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61797465","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1188986","display_name":"Term (time)","level":2,"score":0.6209691166877747},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19889080","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2835852","display_name":"Beam search","level":3,"score":0.6107815504074097},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57273362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q576722","display_name":"Decoding methods","level":2,"score":0.58503258228302},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90805587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10944557","display_name":"Word (group theory)","level":2,"score":0.5200750231742859},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C125583679","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q755673","display_name":"Search algorithm","level":2,"score":0.5155329704284668},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781140086","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q557945","display_name":"Confusion","level":2,"score":0.5049799084663391},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4830194413661957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97854310","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q19541","display_name":"Search engine","level":2,"score":0.47984573245048523},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.4589162766933441},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23123220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826","display_name":"Information retrieval","level":1,"score":0.2395777404308319},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.19454661011695862},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.08566462993621826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11171543","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41630","display_name":"Psychoanalysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":6,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.21437/interspeech.2014-532","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.21437/interspeech.2014-532","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Interspeech 2014","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:repository.cmu.edu:lti-1140","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://repository.cmu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1140&context=lti","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400668","display_name":"Research Showcase @ Carnegie Mellon University (Carnegie Mellon University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I74973139","host_organization_name":"Carnegie Mellon University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Language Technologies Institute","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.1034.1272","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.1034.1272","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://repository.cmu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article%3D1140%26context%3Dlti","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.686.1098","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.686.1098","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.clsp.jhu.edu/%7Eguoguo/papers/interspeech2014_kws_fst_cn.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:figshare.com:article/6473276","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://figshare.com/articles/journal_contribution/Combination_of_FST_and_CN_Search_in_Spoken_Term_Detection/6473276","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402621","display_name":"INDIGO (University of Illinois at Chicago)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I39422238","host_organization_name":"University of Illinois Chicago","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39422238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"doi:10.1184/r1/6473276.v1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1184/r1/6473276.v1","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407050927","display_name":"KiltHub Repository","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article-journal"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:figshare.com:article/6473276","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://figshare.com/articles/journal_contribution/Combination_of_FST_and_CN_Search_in_Spoken_Term_Detection/6473276","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402621","display_name":"INDIGO (University of Illinois at Chicago)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I39422238","host_organization_name":"University of Illinois Chicago","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39422238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Quality Education","score":0.699999988079071,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":30,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W17156489","https://openalex.org/W23025778","https://openalex.org/W114193738","https://openalex.org/W567546468","https://openalex.org/W587565084","https://openalex.org/W619799124","https://openalex.org/W655723668","https://openalex.org/W1524333225","https://openalex.org/W1571931074","https://openalex.org/W1991530195","https://openalex.org/W1993721840","https://openalex.org/W2000654171","https://openalex.org/W2015688877","https://openalex.org/W2026369565","https://openalex.org/W2028956843","https://openalex.org/W2052274902","https://openalex.org/W2089537772","https://openalex.org/W2089917322","https://openalex.org/W2100099270","https://openalex.org/W2103635001","https://openalex.org/W2116930768","https://openalex.org/W2132991150","https://openalex.org/W2167338739","https://openalex.org/W2250925555","https://openalex.org/W2295119550","https://openalex.org/W2397840928","https://openalex.org/W2397895639","https://openalex.org/W2398829910","https://openalex.org/W2442329935","https://openalex.org/W2594610113"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4386269615","https://openalex.org/W4390091683","https://openalex.org/W1994919150","https://openalex.org/W58921990","https://openalex.org/W2204575588","https://openalex.org/W2081821176","https://openalex.org/W2159879965","https://openalex.org/W3084994579","https://openalex.org/W2998661990","https://openalex.org/W3115021520"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Spoken":[0],"Term":[1],"Detection":[2],"(STD)":[3],"focuses":[4],"on":[5,73,81,104],"finding":[6],"instances":[7],"of":[8,54,119],"a":[9,23],"particular":[10],"spoken":[11],"word":[12],"or":[13],"phrase":[14],"in":[15],"an":[16],"audio":[17],"corpus.":[18],"Most":[19],"STD":[20],"systems":[21],"have":[22],"two-step":[24],"pipeline,":[25],"ASR":[26,63,93],"followed":[27],"by":[28],"search.":[29,47],"Two":[30],"approaches":[31],"to":[32,100,115],"search":[33,40,58,70,78,88,102],"are":[34],"common,":[35],"Confusion":[36],"Network":[37],"(CN)":[38],"based":[39,46],"and":[41,76],"Finite":[42],"State":[43],"Transducer":[44],"(FST)":[45],"In":[48],"this":[49,111],"paper,":[50],"we":[51,95],"examine":[52],"combination":[53,118],"these":[55],"two":[56],"different":[57,87,123],"approaches,":[59],"using":[60,122],"the":[61,68,86,91,116],"same":[62,92],"output.":[64],"We":[65,107],"find":[66,109],"that":[67,110],"CN":[69],"performs":[71,79],"better":[72,80,97],"shorter":[74],"queries,":[75],"FST":[77],"longer":[82],"queries.":[83],"By":[84],"combining":[85],"results":[89,121],"from":[90],"decoding,":[94],"achieve":[96],"performance":[98],"compared":[99],"either":[101],"approach":[103],"its":[105],"own.":[106],"also":[108],"improvement":[112],"is":[113],"additive":[114],"usual":[117],"decoder":[120],"modeling":[124],"techniques.":[125]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-07-14T23:27:15.235271","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}