{"id":"https://openalex.org/W65256401","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21437/interspeech.2013-39","title":"Dimensionality reduction of phone log-likelihood ratio features for spoken language recognition","display_name":"Dimensionality reduction of phone log-likelihood ratio features for spoken language recognition","publication_year":2013,"publication_date":"2013-08-25","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W65256401","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21437/interspeech.2013-39","mag":"65256401"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.21437/interspeech.2013-39","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.21437/interspeech.2013-39","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Interspeech 2013","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035162271","display_name":"Mireia D\u00edez","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7894-8377"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I169108374","display_name":"University of the Basque Country","ror":"https://ror.org/000xsnr85","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I169108374"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mireia Diez","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of The Basque Country"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of The Basque Country","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I169108374"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057476491","display_name":"Amparo Varona","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0255-8991"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I169108374","display_name":"University of the Basque Country","ror":"https://ror.org/000xsnr85","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I169108374"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Amparo Varona","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of the Basque Country, Leioa, Spain"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of the Basque Country, Leioa, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I169108374"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031896364","display_name":"Mikel Pe\u00f1agarikano","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6848-349X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I169108374","display_name":"University of the Basque Country","ror":"https://ror.org/000xsnr85","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I169108374"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mikel Penagarikano","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of the Basque Country, Leioa, Spain"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of the Basque Country, Leioa, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I169108374"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084820966","display_name":"Luis Javier Rodr\u00edguez-Fuentes","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9313-2667"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I169108374","display_name":"University of the Basque Country","ror":"https://ror.org/000xsnr85","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I169108374"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Luis Javier Rodr\u00edguez-Fuentes","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of the Basque Country, Leioa, Spain"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of the Basque Country, Leioa, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I169108374"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067184681","display_name":"Germ\u00e1n Bordel","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1758-0964"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I169108374","display_name":"University of the Basque Country","ror":"https://ror.org/000xsnr85","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I169108374"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Germ\u00e1n Bordel","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of the Basque Country, Leioa, Spain"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of the Basque Country, Leioa, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I169108374"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I169108374"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":17,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"64","last_page":"68"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10201","display_name":"Speech Recognition and Synthesis","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10201","display_name":"Speech Recognition and Synthesis","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10860","display_name":"Speech and Audio Processing","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11309","display_name":"Music and Audio Processing","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dimensionality-reduction","display_name":"Dimensionality reduction","score":0.8671500086784363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/principal-component-analysis","display_name":"Principal component analysis","score":0.8201265931129456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7169752717018127},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.6553971767425537},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6056402921676636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/curse-of-dimensionality","display_name":"Curse of dimensionality","score":0.5649417638778687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-selection","display_name":"Feature selection","score":0.5453881025314331},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phone","display_name":"Phone","score":0.5443060994148254},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-extraction","display_name":"Feature extraction","score":0.533820390701294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reduction","display_name":"Reduction (mathematics)","score":0.5249975919723511},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/projection","display_name":"Projection (relational algebra)","score":0.49135008454322815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.4848514795303345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-recognition","display_name":"Speech recognition","score":0.48009660840034485},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-vector","display_name":"Feature vector","score":0.4653061032295227},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.3294081687927246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.1662539541721344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.13992851972579956}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70518039","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16000077","display_name":"Dimensionality reduction","level":2,"score":0.8671500086784363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27438332","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2873","display_name":"Principal component analysis","level":2,"score":0.8201265931129456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7169752717018127},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.6553971767425537},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6056402921676636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111030470","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1430460","display_name":"Curse of dimensionality","level":2,"score":0.5649417638778687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148483581","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q446488","display_name":"Feature selection","level":2,"score":0.5453881025314331},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778707766","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q202064","display_name":"Phone","level":2,"score":0.5443060994148254},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.533820390701294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111335779","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3454686","display_name":"Reduction (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.5249975919723511},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57493831","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3134666","display_name":"Projection (relational algebra)","level":2,"score":0.49135008454322815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.4848514795303345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.48009660840034485},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83665646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42139305","display_name":"Feature vector","level":2,"score":0.4653061032295227},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.3294081687927246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.1662539541721344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.13992851972579956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.21437/interspeech.2013-39","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.21437/interspeech.2013-39","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Interspeech 2013","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Quality Education","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","score":0.7599999904632568}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":15,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W9482086","https://openalex.org/W151003953","https://openalex.org/W1970481385","https://openalex.org/W2001290563","https://openalex.org/W2007939193","https://openalex.org/W2023238506","https://openalex.org/W2107455326","https://openalex.org/W2150769028","https://openalex.org/W2340176088","https://openalex.org/W2399048812","https://openalex.org/W2399210150","https://openalex.org/W2402735123","https://openalex.org/W2403547305","https://openalex.org/W2407232104","https://openalex.org/W2916510398"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1995622179","https://openalex.org/W4391160746","https://openalex.org/W1484111231","https://openalex.org/W1552543208","https://openalex.org/W2074396517","https://openalex.org/W2166963679","https://openalex.org/W2187269125","https://openalex.org/W1641615907","https://openalex.org/W20047544","https://openalex.org/W3089231081"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,55],"a":[1,86,109],"previous":[2],"work,":[3,57],"we":[4],"introduced":[5],"the":[6,36,40,104,124],"use":[7],"of":[8,11,39,73,88],"log-likelihood":[9],"ratios":[10],"phone":[12,74],"posterior":[13],"probabilities,":[14],"called":[15],"Phone":[16],"LogLikelihood":[17],"Ratios":[18],"(PLLR)":[19],"as":[20,108],"features":[21],"for":[22,113],"language":[23],"recognition":[24],"under":[25],"an":[26],"iVector-based":[27],"approach,":[28],"yielding":[29],"high":[30,37],"performance":[31,140],"and":[32,60],"promising":[33],"results.":[34],"However,":[35],"dimensionality":[38,62],"PLLR":[41,78,106],"feature":[42,79,110],"vectors":[43,80],"(with":[44],"regard":[45],"to":[46,84,103],"MFCC/SDC":[47],"features)":[48],"results":[49],"in":[50],"comparatively":[51],"higher":[52],"computational":[53,134],"costs.":[54],"this":[56],"several":[58],"supervised":[59],"unsupervised":[61],"reduction":[63],"techniques":[64,125],"are":[65],"studied,":[66,126],"based":[67],"on":[68],"either":[69],"fusions":[70],"or":[71],"selection":[72],"posteriors,":[75],"finding":[76],"that":[77,118,128],"can":[81],"be":[82],"reduced":[83],"almost":[85],"third":[87],"their":[89],"original":[90,105],"size":[91],"attaining":[92],"similar":[93],"performance.":[94],"Finally,":[95],"Principal":[96],"Component":[97],"Analysis":[98],"(PCA)":[99],"is":[100],"also":[101,137],"applied":[102],"vector":[107],"projection":[111],"method":[112],"comparison":[114],"purposes.":[115],"Results":[116],"show":[117],"PCA":[119],"stands":[120],"out":[121],"among":[122],"all":[123],"revealing":[127],"it":[129],"does":[130],"not":[131],"only":[132],"reduce":[133],"costs,":[135],"but":[136],"improves":[138],"system":[139],"significantly.":[141]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-14T23:27:15.235271","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}