{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2403613743","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21437/interspeech.2013-255","title":"Comparison of spectrum estimators in speaker verification: mismatch conditions induced by vocal effort","display_name":"Comparison of spectrum estimators in speaker verification: mismatch conditions induced by vocal effort","publication_year":2013,"publication_date":"2013-08-25","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2403613743","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21437/interspeech.2013-255","mag":"2403613743"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.21437/interspeech.2013-255","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.21437/interspeech.2013-255","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Interspeech 2013","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076100840","display_name":"Cemal Hanil\u00e7i","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9174-0367"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I131835042","display_name":"Bursa Uluda\u011f \u00dcni\u0307versi\u0307tesi\u0307","ror":"https://ror.org/03tg3eb07","country_code":"TR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I131835042"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I175532246","display_name":"University of Eastern Finland","ror":"https://ror.org/00cyydd11","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I175532246"]}],"countries":["FI","TR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Cemal Hanil\u00e7i","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic Engineering, Uludag University, 16059, Bursa, Turkey","School of Computing, University of Eastern Finland, Joensuu, Finland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic Engineering, Uludag University, 16059, Bursa, Turkey","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I131835042"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computing, University of Eastern Finland, Joensuu, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I175532246"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043168931","display_name":"Tomi Kinnunen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4371-7322"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I175532246","display_name":"University of Eastern Finland","ror":"https://ror.org/00cyydd11","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I175532246"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tomi Kinnunen","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computing, University of Eastern Finland, Joensuu, Finland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computing, University of Eastern Finland, Joensuu, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I175532246"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078300199","display_name":"P.K. Rajan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9178-3885"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I175532246","display_name":"University of Eastern Finland","ror":"https://ror.org/00cyydd11","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I175532246"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Padmanabhan Rajan","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computing, University of Eastern Finland, Joensuu, Finland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computing, University of Eastern Finland, Joensuu, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I175532246"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008322847","display_name":"Jouni Pohjalainen","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9927081","display_name":"Aalto University","ror":"https://ror.org/020hwjq30","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9927081"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jouni Pohjalainen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Signal Processing and Acoustics, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Signal Processing and Acoustics, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9927081"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042186400","display_name":"Paavo Alku","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8173-9418"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9927081","display_name":"Aalto University","ror":"https://ror.org/020hwjq30","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9927081"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Paavo Alku","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Signal Processing and Acoustics, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Signal Processing and Acoustics, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9927081"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029946665","display_name":"Figen Erta\u015f","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I131835042","display_name":"Bursa Uluda\u011f \u00dcni\u0307versi\u0307tesi\u0307","ror":"https://ror.org/03tg3eb07","country_code":"TR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I131835042"]}],"countries":["TR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Figen Erta\u015f","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic Engineering, Uludag University, 16059, Bursa, Turkey"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic Engineering, Uludag University, 16059, Bursa, Turkey","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I131835042"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.4941,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.79669912,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"2881","last_page":"2885"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10201","display_name":"Speech Recognition and Synthesis","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10201","display_name":"Speech Recognition and Synthesis","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10860","display_name":"Speech and Audio Processing","score":0.9977999925613403,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11309","display_name":"Music and Audio Processing","score":0.9843000173568726,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-recognition","display_name":"Speech recognition","score":0.7701046466827393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6856473684310913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mel-frequency-cepstrum","display_name":"Mel-frequency cepstrum","score":0.6658106446266174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/formant","display_name":"Formant","score":0.6259830594062805},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speaker-recognition","display_name":"Speaker recognition","score":0.6155810952186584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speaker-verification","display_name":"Speaker verification","score":0.5992016196250916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/estimator","display_name":"Estimator","score":0.5847452878952026},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nist","display_name":"NIST","score":0.5197384357452393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parametric-statistics","display_name":"Parametric statistics","score":0.5053303837776184},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linear-prediction","display_name":"Linear prediction","score":0.47585150599479675},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cepstrum","display_name":"Cepstrum","score":0.4742162227630615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/classifier","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","score":0.420917809009552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.4207722842693329},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.36025428771972656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-extraction","display_name":"Feature extraction","score":0.34518203139305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.2069251835346222},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.12613514065742493},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vowel","display_name":"Vowel","score":0.0819399356842041}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.7701046466827393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6856473684310913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151989614","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q440370","display_name":"Mel-frequency cepstrum","level":3,"score":0.6658106446266174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158215666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1414685","display_name":"Formant","level":3,"score":0.6259830594062805},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133892786","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1145189","display_name":"Speaker recognition","level":2,"score":0.6155810952186584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2982762665","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1145189","display_name":"Speaker verification","level":3,"score":0.5992016196250916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185429906","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1130160","display_name":"Estimator","level":2,"score":0.5847452878952026},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111219384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6954384","display_name":"NIST","level":2,"score":0.5197384357452393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117251300","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1849855","display_name":"Parametric statistics","level":2,"score":0.5053303837776184},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C131109320","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q581012","display_name":"Linear prediction","level":2,"score":0.47585150599479675},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C88485024","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1054571","display_name":"Cepstrum","level":2,"score":0.4742162227630615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95623464","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1096149","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","level":2,"score":0.420917809009552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.4207722842693329},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.36025428771972656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.34518203139305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.2069251835346222},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.12613514065742493},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779581591","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36244","display_name":"Vowel","level":2,"score":0.0819399356842041}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.21437/interspeech.2013-255","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.21437/interspeech.2013-255","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Interspeech 2013","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.310.2167","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.310.2167","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://cs.joensuu.fi/pages/tkinnu/webpage/pdf/VocalEffort_IS2013.pdf","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":22,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W17749540","https://openalex.org/W80901053","https://openalex.org/W151817649","https://openalex.org/W1521893477","https://openalex.org/W1966264494","https://openalex.org/W1966960856","https://openalex.org/W1998752217","https://openalex.org/W2041823554","https://openalex.org/W2043527182","https://openalex.org/W2086381991","https://openalex.org/W2098488280","https://openalex.org/W2102495590","https://openalex.org/W2117486215","https://openalex.org/W2125514156","https://openalex.org/W2137075158","https://openalex.org/W2144600569","https://openalex.org/W2147147599","https://openalex.org/W2154278880","https://openalex.org/W2165180455","https://openalex.org/W2166223208","https://openalex.org/W2399518911","https://openalex.org/W2917534502"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2368661496","https://openalex.org/W2380156283","https://openalex.org/W2085241361","https://openalex.org/W2018337942","https://openalex.org/W2137133401","https://openalex.org/W2394579548","https://openalex.org/W2018086531","https://openalex.org/W2005300405","https://openalex.org/W1980297060","https://openalex.org/W2019183077"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0,32],"study":[1],"the":[2,39,65],"problem":[3],"of":[4,41,109],"vocal":[5,14,96,123],"effort":[6,15,97,124],"mismatch":[7],"in":[8,12,18,38],"speaker":[9,48,68,91,121],"verification.":[10,49],"Changes":[11],"speaker\u2019s":[13],"induce":[16],"changes":[17],"fundamental":[19],"frequency":[20],"(F0)":[21],"and":[22,57,76],"formant":[23],"structure":[24],"which":[25],"introduce":[26],"unwanted":[27],"intra-speaker":[28],"variations":[29],"to":[30],"features.":[31],"compare":[33],"seven":[34],"alternative":[35],"spectrum":[36,56,84,126],"estimators":[37],"context":[40],"melfrequency":[42],"cepstral":[43],"coefficient":[44],"(MFCC)":[45],"extraction":[46],"for":[47],"The":[50,99],"compared":[51],"variants":[52],"include":[53],"traditional":[54],"FFT":[55],"six":[58],"parametric":[59],"all-pole":[60,112],"models.":[61],"Experimental":[62],"results":[63],"on":[64,90],"NIST":[66],"2010":[67],"recognition":[69,101],"evaluation":[70],"(SRE)":[71],"corpus":[72],"utilizing":[73],"both":[74],"GMM-UBM":[75],"more":[77],"recent":[78],"GMM":[79],"supervector":[80],"classifier":[81],"indicate":[82],"that":[83],"estimation":[85,127],"has":[86],"a":[87,106],"considerable":[88],"impact":[89],"verification":[92],"accuracy":[93,102],"under":[94],"mismatched":[95],"conditions.":[98],"highest":[100],"was":[103],"achieved":[104],"using":[105],"particular":[107],"variant":[108],"temporally":[110],"weighted":[111,115],"model,":[113],"stabilized":[114],"linear":[116],"prediction":[117],"(SWLP).":[118],"Index":[119],"Terms:":[120],"recognition,":[122],"mismatch,":[125]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
