{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2408513201","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21437/interspeech.2013-250","title":"Active learning by label uncertainty for acoustic emotion recognition","display_name":"Active learning by label uncertainty for acoustic emotion recognition","publication_year":2013,"publication_date":"2013-08-25","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2408513201","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21437/interspeech.2013-250","mag":"2408513201"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.21437/interspeech.2013-250","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.21437/interspeech.2013-250","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Interspeech 2013","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"http://mediatum.ub.tum.de/doc/1189722/document.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036056631","display_name":"Zixing Zhang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I62916508","display_name":"Technical University of Munich","ror":"https://ror.org/02kkvpp62","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I62916508"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zixing Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Machine Intelligence & Signal Processing Group, MMK, Technische Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnchen, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Machine Intelligence & Signal Processing Group, MMK, Technische Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnchen, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I62916508"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100759486","display_name":"Jun Deng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3196-8690"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I62916508","display_name":"Technical University of Munich","ror":"https://ror.org/02kkvpp62","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I62916508"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jun Deng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Machine Intelligence & Signal Processing Group, MMK, Technische Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnchen, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Machine Intelligence & Signal Processing Group, MMK, Technische Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnchen, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I62916508"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009327522","display_name":"Erik Marchi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5335-6356"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I62916508","display_name":"Technical University of Munich","ror":"https://ror.org/02kkvpp62","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I62916508"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Erik Marchi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Machine Intelligence & Signal Processing Group, MMK, Technische Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnchen, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Machine Intelligence & Signal Processing Group, MMK, Technische Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnchen, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I62916508"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043060302","display_name":"Bj\u00f6rn W. Schuller","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6478-8699"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I186354981","display_name":"University of Passau","ror":"https://ror.org/05ydjnb78","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I186354981"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I62916508","display_name":"Technical University of Munich","ror":"https://ror.org/02kkvpp62","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I62916508"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Bj\u00f6rn Schuller","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Sensor Systems, University of Passau, Germany","Machine Intelligence & Signal Processing Group, MMK, Technische Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnchen, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Sensor Systems, University of Passau, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I186354981"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Machine Intelligence & Signal Processing Group, MMK, Technische Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnchen, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I62916508"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5043060302"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I186354981","https://openalex.org/I62916508"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.8305,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":20,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.87427969,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"2856","last_page":"2860"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12072","display_name":"Machine Learning and Algorithms","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12072","display_name":"Machine Learning and Algorithms","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12535","display_name":"Machine Learning and Data Classification","score":0.9890000224113464,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10201","display_name":"Speech Recognition and Synthesis","score":0.9889000058174133,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ambiguity","display_name":"Ambiguity","score":0.7881035804748535},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7701612710952759},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/boosting","display_name":"Boosting (machine learning)","score":0.647629976272583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/emotion-recognition","display_name":"Emotion recognition","score":0.605044960975647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/classifier","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","score":0.5852518677711487},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-recognition","display_name":"Speech recognition","score":0.5246401429176331},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.49206656217575073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/labelling","display_name":"Labelling","score":0.4749740958213806},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/exploit","display_name":"Exploit","score":0.4660811126232147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multiclass-classification","display_name":"Multiclass classification","score":0.46197831630706787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/certainty","display_name":"Certainty","score":0.4591526389122009},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.39064767956733704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.10053145885467529},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/support-vector-machine","display_name":"Support vector machine","score":0.09636884927749634}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780522230","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1140419","display_name":"Ambiguity","level":2,"score":0.7881035804748535},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7701612710952759},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46686674","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466303","display_name":"Boosting (machine learning)","level":2,"score":0.647629976272583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777438025","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1339090","display_name":"Emotion recognition","level":2,"score":0.605044960975647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95623464","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1096149","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","level":2,"score":0.5852518677711487},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.5246401429176331},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.49206656217575073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780523633","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q380709","display_name":"Labelling","level":2,"score":0.4749740958213806},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165696696","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11287","display_name":"Exploit","level":2,"score":0.4660811126232147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123860398","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6934605","display_name":"Multiclass classification","level":3,"score":0.46197831630706787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C7493553","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1520777","display_name":"Certainty","level":2,"score":0.4591526389122009},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.39064767956733704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.10053145885467529},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12267149","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q282453","display_name":"Support vector machine","level":2,"score":0.09636884927749634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73484699","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161733","display_name":"Criminology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.21437/interspeech.2013-250","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.21437/interspeech.2013-250","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Interspeech 2013","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mediatum.ub.tum.de:node/1189722","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://mediatum.ub.tum.de/node?id=1189722","pdf_url":"http://mediatum.ub.tum.de/doc/1189722/document.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400453","display_name":"mediaTUM \u2013 the media and publications repository of the Technical University Munich (Technical University Munich)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I62916508","host_organization_name":"Technical University of Munich","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I62916508"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.432.9819","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.432.9819","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.mmk.ei.tum.de/publ//pdf/13/13zha2.pdf","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:mediatum.ub.tum.de:node/1189722","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://mediatum.ub.tum.de/node?id=1189722","pdf_url":"http://mediatum.ub.tum.de/doc/1189722/document.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400453","display_name":"mediaTUM \u2013 the media and publications repository of the Technical University Munich (Technical University Munich)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I62916508","host_organization_name":"Technical University of Munich","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I62916508"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","display_name":"Reduced inequalities","score":0.49000000953674316}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322725","display_name":"China Scholarship Council","ror":"https://ror.org/04atp4p48"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2408513201.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":25,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W105263016","https://openalex.org/W123226248","https://openalex.org/W131248265","https://openalex.org/W1484084878","https://openalex.org/W1501669607","https://openalex.org/W1528361845","https://openalex.org/W1542438852","https://openalex.org/W1965696296","https://openalex.org/W1987048275","https://openalex.org/W2016839396","https://openalex.org/W2029349470","https://openalex.org/W2085662862","https://openalex.org/W2095629250","https://openalex.org/W2111679734","https://openalex.org/W2124737236","https://openalex.org/W2133990480","https://openalex.org/W2138273245","https://openalex.org/W2162366793","https://openalex.org/W2169027522","https://openalex.org/W2171671120","https://openalex.org/W2397175282","https://openalex.org/W2398014749","https://openalex.org/W2491237360","https://openalex.org/W2752818578","https://openalex.org/W2903158431"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1525479493","https://openalex.org/W1976633635","https://openalex.org/W2396436470","https://openalex.org/W1970064489","https://openalex.org/W4241622628","https://openalex.org/W1991894391","https://openalex.org/W4300235460","https://openalex.org/W2592003259","https://openalex.org/W2964269045","https://openalex.org/W1558422673"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Speech":[0],"data":[1,31],"is":[2,19,26,32,76,120],"in":[3,6,147],"principle":[4],"available":[5],"large":[7],"amounts":[8],"for":[9,68],"the":[10,24,40,51,54,77,90,93,116,143],"training":[11],"of":[12,44,81,92,96,134],"acoustic":[13,69],"emotion":[14,70],"recognisers.":[15],"However,":[16],"emotional":[17,97],"labelling":[18,61,149],"usually":[20],"not":[21],"given":[22],"and":[23,79,114],"distribution":[25],"heavily":[27],"unbalanced,":[28],"as":[29],"most":[30],"\u2018rather":[33],"neutral":[34],"\u2019":[35,43],"than":[36],"truly":[37],"\u2018emotional\u2019.":[38],"In":[39,126],"\u2018hay":[41],"stack":[42],"speech":[45],"data,":[46],"Active":[47],"Learning":[48],"automatically":[49],"identifies":[50],"\u2018needles\u2019,":[52],"i.e.,":[53,99],"more":[55],"informative":[56],"instances":[57],"to":[58,88],"reduce":[59],"human":[60],"effort":[62],"when":[63],"building":[64,110],"a":[65,102,111],"classifier,":[66],"e.g.,":[67],"recognition.":[71],"The":[72,132],"critical":[73],"issue":[74],"thus":[75,121],"determination":[78],"quantification":[80],"informativeness.":[82],"To":[83],"this":[84],"end,":[85],"we":[86,100,128],"suggest":[87],"exploit":[89],"reliability":[91],"usual":[94],"ambiguity":[95],"labels,":[98],"propose":[101],"novel":[103],"approach":[104],"based":[105,122],"on":[106,123],"label":[107],"uncertainty.":[108],"By":[109],"certainty":[112],"model":[113],"predicting":[115],"candidate":[117],"instances,":[118],"informativeness":[119],"labeller":[124],"agreement.":[125],"addition,":[127],"consider":[129],"class":[130],"sparseness.":[131],"results":[133],"extensive":[135],"test":[136],"runs":[137],"under":[138],"well":[139],"standardised":[140],"conditions":[141],"show":[142],"method\u2019s":[144],"great":[145],"potential":[146],"reducing":[148],"costs":[150],"while":[151],"boosting":[152],"performance.":[153]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T14:22:42.915294","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
