{"id":"https://openalex.org/W85945907","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21437/interspeech.2009-72","title":"Information bottleneck based age verification","display_name":"Information bottleneck based age verification","publication_year":2009,"publication_date":"2009-09-06","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W85945907","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21437/interspeech.2009-72","mag":"85945907"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.21437/interspeech.2009-72","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.21437/interspeech.2009-72","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Interspeech 2009","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001726523","display_name":"Ron M. Hecht","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3166-5235"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I118136607","display_name":"General Motors (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/05addee68","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I118136607"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ron M. Hecht","raw_affiliation_strings":["General Motors (United States), Detroit, United States"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"General Motors (United States), Detroit, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I118136607"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018950830","display_name":"Omer Hezroni","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Omer Hezroni","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047447853","display_name":"Amit Kumar Manna","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0979-7020"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Amit Manna","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057193958","display_name":"Gil Dobry","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gil Dobry","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042747452","display_name":"Yaniv Zigel","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1994-4242"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I124227911","display_name":"Ben-Gurion University of the Negev","ror":"https://ror.org/05tkyf982","country_code":"IL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124227911"]}],"countries":["IL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yaniv Zigel","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ben Gurion University of the Negev"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ben Gurion University of the Negev","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I124227911"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004273274","display_name":"Naftali Tishby","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8086-4436"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I197251160","display_name":"Hebrew University of Jerusalem","ror":"https://ror.org/03qxff017","country_code":"IL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I197251160"]}],"countries":["IL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Naftali Tishby","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hebrew University of Jerusalem ,"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hebrew University of Jerusalem ,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I197251160"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5001726523"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I118136607"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.4505,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.70732349,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"188","last_page":"191"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10201","display_name":"Speech Recognition and Synthesis","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10201","display_name":"Speech Recognition and Synthesis","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12031","display_name":"Speech and dialogue systems","score":0.9951000213623047,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7941591739654541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/word","display_name":"Word (group theory)","score":0.7441492080688477},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bottleneck","display_name":"Bottleneck","score":0.7262856960296631},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/n-gram","display_name":"n-gram","score":0.6084423065185547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5616884231567383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sequence","display_name":"Sequence (biology)","score":0.5400458574295044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-bottleneck-method","display_name":"Information bottleneck method","score":0.484413206577301},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.4812624156475067},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sequence-labeling","display_name":"Sequence labeling","score":0.4300510287284851},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cluster-analysis","display_name":"Cluster analysis","score":0.3991861641407013},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-recognition","display_name":"Speech recognition","score":0.3722636103630066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/language-model","display_name":"Language model","score":0.2566032409667969},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.11511498689651489}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7941591739654541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90805587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10944557","display_name":"Word (group theory)","level":2,"score":0.7441492080688477},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780513914","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18210350","display_name":"Bottleneck","level":2,"score":0.7262856960296631},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117884012","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q94489","display_name":"n-gram","level":3,"score":0.6084423065185547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5616884231567383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778112365","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3511065","display_name":"Sequence (biology)","level":2,"score":0.5400458574295044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60008888","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6031013","display_name":"Information bottleneck method","level":3,"score":0.484413206577301},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.4812624156475067},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C35639132","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7452468","display_name":"Sequence labeling","level":3,"score":0.4300510287284851},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73555534","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q622825","display_name":"Cluster analysis","level":2,"score":0.3991861641407013},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.3722636103630066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137293760","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3621696","display_name":"Language model","level":2,"score":0.2566032409667969},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.11511498689651489},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187736073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920921","display_name":"Management","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.21437/interspeech.2009-72","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.21437/interspeech.2009-72","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Interspeech 2009","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.368.4245","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.368.4245","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.cs.huji.ac.il/site//labs/learning/Papers/is09p2v44.pdf","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":8,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W65517037","https://openalex.org/W116024930","https://openalex.org/W186298576","https://openalex.org/W1538905335","https://openalex.org/W2060314721","https://openalex.org/W2136880172","https://openalex.org/W2151147242","https://openalex.org/W2979454998"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4401325445","https://openalex.org/W2622284819","https://openalex.org/W1504394672","https://openalex.org/W3089381707","https://openalex.org/W4285254085","https://openalex.org/W3034190530","https://openalex.org/W2741297526","https://openalex.org/W4295728955","https://openalex.org/W3129794609","https://openalex.org/W2949033103"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Word":[0],"N-gram":[1,31,72,78,112],"models":[2,73,79],"can":[3,45],"be":[4,46],"used":[5,20],"for":[6],"word-based":[7],"age-group":[8,99],"verification.":[9],"In":[10,108,128],"this":[11,54],"paper":[12],"the":[13,25,90,98,101,125],"Agglomerative":[14],"Information":[15],"Bottleneck":[16],"(AIB)":[17],"approach":[18],"is":[19,40,134],"to":[21,51,58,64,76,96,116],"tackle":[22],"one":[23],"of":[24,29,36,62,67,100,103,119],"most":[26],"fundamental":[27],"drawbacks":[28],"word":[30,71],"models:":[32],"its":[33,120],"abundant":[34],"amount":[35],"irrelevant":[37,43,138],"information.":[38,139],"It":[39],"demonstrated":[41,135],"that":[42],"information":[44,148],"omitted":[47],"by":[48,136],"joining":[49],"words":[50,63],"form":[52],"word-clusters;":[53],"provides":[55],"a":[56,65,117,130],"mechanism":[57],"transform":[59],"any":[60],"sequence":[61,66],"word-cluster":[68],"labels.":[69],"Consequently,":[70],"are":[74,81],"converted":[75],"wordcluster":[77],"which":[80],"more":[82],"compact.":[83],"Age":[84],"verification":[85,126,131],"experiments":[86,110],"were":[87],"conducted":[88],"on":[89],"Fisher":[91],"corpora.":[92],"Their":[93],"goal":[94],"was":[95,114],"verify":[97],"speaker":[102],"an":[104,111],"unknown":[105],"speech":[106,146],"segment.":[107],"these":[109],"model":[113],"compressed":[115],"fifth":[118],"original":[121],"size":[122],"without":[123],"reducing":[124],"performance.":[127],"addition,":[129],"accuracy":[132],"improvement":[133],"disposing":[137],"Index":[140],"Terms:":[141],"age":[142,144],"verification,":[143],"estimation,":[145],"processing,":[147],"bottleneck.":[149]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}