{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1711370468","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21437/interspeech.2009-564","title":"Example-based speech recognition using formulaic phrases","display_name":"Example-based speech recognition using formulaic phrases","publication_year":2009,"publication_date":"2009-09-06","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1711370468","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21437/interspeech.2009-564","mag":"1711370468"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.21437/interspeech.2009-564","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.21437/interspeech.2009-564","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Interspeech 2009","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109045866","display_name":"Christopher J. Watkins","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1118541","display_name":"University of East Anglia","ror":"https://ror.org/026k5mg93","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1118541"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Christopher J. Watkins","raw_affiliation_strings":["#N#University of East Anglia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"#N#University of East Anglia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1118541"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103796951","display_name":"Stephen Cox","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1118541","display_name":"University of East Anglia","ror":"https://ror.org/026k5mg93","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1118541"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Stephen J. Cox","raw_affiliation_strings":["#N#University of East Anglia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"#N#University of East Anglia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1118541"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1118541"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.2437,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.44417252,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"3043","last_page":"3046"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10201","display_name":"Speech Recognition and Synthesis","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10201","display_name":"Speech Recognition and Synthesis","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12031","display_name":"Speech and dialogue systems","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10860","display_name":"Speech and Audio Processing","score":0.9972000122070312,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bigram","display_name":"Bigram","score":0.9471786618232727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8402893543243408},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-recognition","display_name":"Speech recognition","score":0.7078990936279297},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hidden-markov-model","display_name":"Hidden Markov model","score":0.7003825306892395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phrase","display_name":"Phrase","score":0.6971840858459473},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6242293119430542},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/classifier","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","score":0.5947983860969543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.5504263639450073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/decision-tree","display_name":"Decision tree","score":0.453829824924469}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108757681","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2773912","display_name":"Bigram","level":3,"score":0.9471786618232727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8402893543243408},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.7078990936279297},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23224414","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176769","display_name":"Hidden Markov model","level":2,"score":0.7003825306892395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776224158","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q187931","display_name":"Phrase","level":2,"score":0.6971840858459473},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6242293119430542},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95623464","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1096149","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","level":2,"score":0.5947983860969543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.5504263639450073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84525736","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q831366","display_name":"Decision tree","level":2,"score":0.453829824924469},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137546455","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3213474","display_name":"Trigram","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.21437/interspeech.2009-564","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.21437/interspeech.2009-564","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Interspeech 2009","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:ueaeprints.uea.ac.uk:26042","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://ueaeprints.uea.ac.uk/id/eprint/26042/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400384","display_name":"UEA Digital Repository (University of East Anglia)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1118541","host_organization_name":"University of East Anglia","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1118541"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Conference or Workshop Item"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","score":0.7699999809265137,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":10,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1494243555","https://openalex.org/W1502101714","https://openalex.org/W1549285799","https://openalex.org/W1607753411","https://openalex.org/W1932968309","https://openalex.org/W1947630885","https://openalex.org/W2049759087","https://openalex.org/W2097207027","https://openalex.org/W2124008567","https://openalex.org/W3146003712"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3173084154","https://openalex.org/W2334448532","https://openalex.org/W2982021180","https://openalex.org/W2131563376","https://openalex.org/W2251497876","https://openalex.org/W2241081188","https://openalex.org/W2128567707","https://openalex.org/W4327499987","https://openalex.org/W2011383762","https://openalex.org/W416633688"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"this":[1,71],"paper,":[2],"we":[3],"describe":[4,39,101],"the":[5,65,77,96,109,113,120],"design":[6],"of":[7,30,35,95,112],"an":[8,102],"ASR":[9],"system":[10],"that":[11,51,69,107],"is":[12],"based":[13],"on":[14,59],"identifying":[15],"and":[16,23],"extracting":[17],"formulaic":[18,44],"phrases":[19,45],"from":[20],"a":[21,40,47,54,60,81],"corpus":[22],"then,":[24],"rather":[25],"than":[26],"building":[27],"statistical":[28],"models":[29],"them,":[31],"performing":[32],"example-based":[33,78],"recognition":[34],"these":[36],"phrases.":[37],"We":[38,67,99],"method":[41],"for":[42],"combining":[43],"into":[46],"bigram":[48],"language":[49],"model":[50,72],"results":[52],"in":[53,57,76,84],"13%":[55],"decrease":[56],"WER":[58,85],"monophone":[61],"HMM":[62,97],"recogniser":[63,79],"over":[64],"baseline.":[66],"show":[68],"using":[70],"with":[73],"phrase":[74],"templates":[75],"gives":[80],"significant":[82],"improvement":[83],"compared":[86],"to":[87],"word":[88],"templates,":[89],"but":[90],"performance":[91],"still":[92],"falls":[93],"short":[94],"recogniser.":[98],"also":[100],"LDA":[103],"decision":[104],"tree":[105],"classifier":[106],"reduces":[108],"search":[110],"space":[111],"DTW":[114],"decoder":[115],"by":[116],"40%":[117],"while":[118],"at":[119],"same":[121],"time":[122],"decreasing":[123],"WER.":[124]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T14:22:42.915294","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
