{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1529860559","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21437/interspeech.2009-390","title":"Fast GMM computation for speaker verification using scalar quantization and discrete densities","display_name":"Fast GMM computation for speaker verification using scalar quantization and discrete densities","publication_year":2009,"publication_date":"2009-09-06","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1529860559","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21437/interspeech.2009-390","mag":"1529860559"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.21437/interspeech.2009-390","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.21437/interspeech.2009-390","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Interspeech 2009","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5105688661","display_name":"Guoli Ye","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200769079","display_name":"Hong Kong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00q4vv597","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200769079"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Guoli Ye","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hong Kong University of Science & Technology"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hong Kong University of Science & Technology","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200769079"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059141717","display_name":"Brian Mak","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6787-5555"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200769079","display_name":"Hong Kong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00q4vv597","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200769079"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Brian Mak","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hong Kong University of Science & Technology"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hong Kong University of Science & Technology","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200769079"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068768998","display_name":"Man\u2010Wai Mak","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8854-3760"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I14243506","display_name":"Hong Kong Polytechnic University","ror":"https://ror.org/0030zas98","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I14243506"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Man-Wai Mak","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hong Kong Polytechnic University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hong Kong Polytechnic University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I14243506"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"2327","last_page":"2330"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10201","display_name":"Speech Recognition and Synthesis","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10201","display_name":"Speech Recognition and Synthesis","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10860","display_name":"Speech and Audio Processing","score":0.9966999888420105,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11309","display_name":"Music and Audio Processing","score":0.9896000027656555,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mixture-model","display_name":"Mixture model","score":0.8342633247375488},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computation","display_name":"Computation","score":0.7273551821708679},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speedup","display_name":"Speedup","score":0.7018916606903076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantization","display_name":"Quantization (signal processing)","score":0.5503309965133667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5169050693511963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nist","display_name":"NIST","score":0.46628284454345703},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.4564616084098816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.4298862814903259},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gaussian","display_name":"Gaussian","score":0.4235190451145172},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-recognition","display_name":"Speech recognition","score":0.4028153121471405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.32421889901161194},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.0946306586265564}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61224824","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2260434","display_name":"Mixture model","level":2,"score":0.8342633247375488},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45374587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12525525","display_name":"Computation","level":2,"score":0.7273551821708679},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68339613","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1549489","display_name":"Speedup","level":2,"score":0.7018916606903076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28855332","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q198099","display_name":"Quantization (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.5503309965133667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5169050693511963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111219384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6954384","display_name":"NIST","level":2,"score":0.46628284454345703},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.4564616084098816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.4298862814903259},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163716315","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901177","display_name":"Gaussian","level":2,"score":0.4235190451145172},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.4028153121471405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.32421889901161194},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0946306586265564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.21437/interspeech.2009-390","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.21437/interspeech.2009-390","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Interspeech 2009","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.513.7877","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.513.7877","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.cs.ust.hk/~mak/PDF/is2009-sv.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:ira.lib.polyu.edu.hk:10397/44460","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10397/44460","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400205","display_name":"PolyU Institutional Research Archive (Hong Kong Polytechnic University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I14243506","host_organization_name":"Hong Kong Polytechnic University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I14243506"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Conference Paper"},{"id":"pmh:oai:repository.hkust.edu.hk:1783.1-51991","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://repository.hkust.edu.hk/ir/Record/1783.1-51991","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401796","display_name":"Rare & Special e-Zone (The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I200769079","host_organization_name":"Hong Kong University of Science and Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200769079"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Conference paper"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.49000000953674316}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":9,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W42176576","https://openalex.org/W153948616","https://openalex.org/W323109315","https://openalex.org/W2041823554","https://openalex.org/W2112057399","https://openalex.org/W2152402526","https://openalex.org/W2167539408","https://openalex.org/W2170120894","https://openalex.org/W4309989863"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2158491338","https://openalex.org/W2058965144","https://openalex.org/W2807901368","https://openalex.org/W2164382479","https://openalex.org/W2133733652","https://openalex.org/W2146343568","https://openalex.org/W98480971","https://openalex.org/W2150291671","https://openalex.org/W2013643406","https://openalex.org/W1578916557"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Most":[0],"of":[1,69,79,112],"current":[2],"state-of-the-art":[3],"speaker":[4,22,122],"verification":[5],"(SV)":[6],"sys-tems":[7],"use":[8],"Gaussian":[9],"mixture":[10,68,89,131],"model":[11,18],"(GMM)":[12],"to":[13,37,54,63,87],"represent":[14],"the":[15,21,39,48,99],"uni-versal":[16],"background":[17],"(UBM)":[19],"and":[20,35,91],"models":[23,86],"(SM).":[24],"For":[25,98],"an":[26,106],"SV":[27,102],"system":[28],"that":[29],"employs":[30],"log-likelihood":[31],"ratio":[32],"between":[33],"SM":[34],"UBM":[36],"make":[38],"decision,":[40],"its":[41],"computational":[42],"effi-ciency":[43],"is":[44],"largely":[45],"determined":[46],"by":[47,58,109],"GMM":[49,56,62],"computation.":[50],"This":[51],"paper":[52],"attempts":[53],"speedup":[55,108],"computation":[57],"converting":[59],"a":[60,64,67,77,110],"continuous-density":[61],"single":[65],"or":[66],"discrete":[70,81,85,88,128,130],"densities":[71],"using":[72],"scalar":[73,124],"quantization.":[74],"We":[75],"investigated":[76],"spectrum":[78],"such":[80],"models:":[82],"from":[83],"high-density":[84,95],"models,":[90],"their":[92],"combination":[93],"called":[94],"discrete-mixture":[96],"models.":[97],"NIST":[100],"2002":[101],"task,":[103],"we":[104],"obtained":[105],"overall":[107],"factor":[111],"2\u2013100":[113],"with":[114],"little":[115],"loss":[116],"in":[117],"EER":[118],"performance.":[119],"Index":[120],"Terms:":[121],"verification,":[123],"quantization,":[125],"high":[126],"density":[127],"HMM,":[129],"HMM":[132]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-14T23:27:15.235271","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}