{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1494687963","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21437/interspeech.2009-190","title":"Identification of contrast and its emphatic realization in HMM based speech synthesis","display_name":"Identification of contrast and its emphatic realization in HMM based speech synthesis","publication_year":2009,"publication_date":"2009-09-06","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1494687963","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21437/interspeech.2009-190","mag":"1494687963"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.21437/interspeech.2009-190","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.21437/interspeech.2009-190","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Interspeech 2009","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/1842/3963","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063165262","display_name":"Leonardo Badino","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7037-5914"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98677209","display_name":"University of Edinburgh","ror":"https://ror.org/01nrxwf90","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Leonardo Badino","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045457681","display_name":"J. Sebastian Andersson","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98677209","display_name":"University of Edinburgh","ror":"https://ror.org/01nrxwf90","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J. Sebastian Andersson","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007639385","display_name":"Junichi Yamagishi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2752-3955"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Junichi Yamagishi","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Informatics"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Informatics","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084488961","display_name":"Robert A. Clark","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4892-3619"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Robert A. J. Clark","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Informatics"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Informatics","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.5297,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":22,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.94345195,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"520","last_page":"523"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10201","display_name":"Speech Recognition and Synthesis","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12031","display_name":"Speech and dialogue systems","score":0.9976000189781189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hidden-markov-model","display_name":"Hidden Markov model","score":0.7868639230728149},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7836178541183472},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/contrast","display_name":"Contrast (vision)","score":0.7368270754814148},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-recognition","display_name":"Speech recognition","score":0.7280802726745605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/prosody","display_name":"Prosody","score":0.6260150074958801},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.551500141620636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/word","display_name":"Word (group theory)","score":0.5479490756988525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.5077396631240845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-synthesis","display_name":"Speech synthesis","score":0.45252150297164917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/realization","display_name":"Realization (probability)","score":0.4458838999271393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.441861629486084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-corpus","display_name":"Speech corpus","score":0.41618454456329346},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linguistics","display_name":"Linguistics","score":0.2456803023815155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.0881202220916748}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23224414","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176769","display_name":"Hidden Markov model","level":2,"score":0.7868639230728149},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7836178541183472},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776502983","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q690182","display_name":"Contrast (vision)","level":2,"score":0.7368270754814148},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.7280802726745605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C542774811","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10880526","display_name":"Prosody","level":2,"score":0.6260150074958801},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.551500141620636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90805587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10944557","display_name":"Word (group theory)","level":2,"score":0.5479490756988525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.5077396631240845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14999030","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16346","display_name":"Speech synthesis","level":2,"score":0.45252150297164917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781089630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21856745","display_name":"Realization (probability)","level":2,"score":0.4458838999271393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.441861629486084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91863865","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4349497","display_name":"Speech corpus","level":3,"score":0.41618454456329346},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.2456803023815155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0881202220916748},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.21437/interspeech.2009-190","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.21437/interspeech.2009-190","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Interspeech 2009","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:era.ed.ac.uk:1842/3963","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/1842/3963","pdf_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/1842/3963","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407055182","display_name":"ERA","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Conference Paper"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.ed.ac.uk:publications/f91a0622-afc5-439c-b94f-6e8aaea7904c","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11820/f91a0622-afc5-439c-b94f-6e8aaea7904c","pdf_url":"https://www.research.ed.ac.uk/portal/en/publications/identification-of-contrast-and-its-emphatic-realization-in-hmmbased-speech-synthesis(f91a0622-afc5-439c-b94f-6e8aaea7904c).html","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4406922455","display_name":"Edinburgh Research Explorer","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":""},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.148.65","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.148.65","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.cstr.ed.ac.uk/downloads/publications/2009/IS090749.PDF","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.ed.ac.uk:openaire/f91a0622-afc5-439c-b94f-6e8aaea7904c","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.research.ed.ac.uk/en/publications/f91a0622-afc5-439c-b94f-6e8aaea7904c","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4406922455","display_name":"Edinburgh Research Explorer","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Badino, L, Andersson, J S, Yamagishi, J & Clark, R A J 2009, Identification of Contrast and Its Emphatic Realization in HMM-based Speech Synthesis. in Proc. Interspeech 2009. pp. 520-523.","raw_type":"contributionToPeriodical"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:era.ed.ac.uk:1842/3963","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/1842/3963","pdf_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/1842/3963","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407055182","display_name":"ERA","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Conference Paper"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W1494687963.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W1494687963.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":18,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W344150399","https://openalex.org/W1537158866","https://openalex.org/W1539337024","https://openalex.org/W1568793342","https://openalex.org/W1935012542","https://openalex.org/W1970346372","https://openalex.org/W2042691334","https://openalex.org/W2056749925","https://openalex.org/W2070593165","https://openalex.org/W2093476462","https://openalex.org/W2102093296","https://openalex.org/W2112985344","https://openalex.org/W2119929864","https://openalex.org/W2152285768","https://openalex.org/W2153837012","https://openalex.org/W2154237089","https://openalex.org/W2166637769","https://openalex.org/W3089157195"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W10581632","https://openalex.org/W1927421023","https://openalex.org/W3149582125","https://openalex.org/W1984347656","https://openalex.org/W157238252","https://openalex.org/W2169632867","https://openalex.org/W2465421051","https://openalex.org/W152045069","https://openalex.org/W652196294","https://openalex.org/W2161314515"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"work":[1],"presented":[2],"in":[3,10,24,63,98],"this":[4],"paper":[5],"proposes":[6],"to":[7,43,73,82],"identify":[8],"contrast":[9],"the":[11,68,99],"form":[12],"of":[13,60,70,101],"contrastive":[14,46,106],"word":[15,47,107],"pairs":[16,48,108,119],"and":[17,53,80],"prosodically":[18],"signal":[19],"it":[20],"with":[21],"emphatic":[22,105],"accents":[23],"a":[25,30,40,58,75,91],"Text-to-Speech":[26],"(TTS)":[27],"application":[28],"using":[29,49],"Hidden-Markov-Model":[31],"(HMM)":[32],"based":[33],"speech":[34,77,129],"synthesis":[35,78,130],"system.":[36],"We":[37],"first":[38],"describe":[39,67],"novel":[41],"method":[42],"automatically":[44],"detect":[45],"textual":[50],"features":[51,71],"only":[52],"report":[54],"its":[55],"performance":[56],"on":[57,117],"corpus":[59],"spontaneous":[61],"conversations":[62],"English.":[64],"Subsequently":[65],"we":[66],"set":[69],"selected":[72],"train":[74],"HMM-based":[76],"system":[79],"attempting":[81],"properly":[83],"control":[84],"prosodic":[85],"prominence":[86],"(including":[87],"emphasis).":[88],"Results":[89],"from":[90],"large":[92],"scale":[93],"perceptual":[94],"test":[95],"show":[96],"that":[97],"majority":[100],"cases":[102],"listeners":[103],"judge":[104],"as":[109,111],"acceptable":[110],"their":[112],"non-emphatic":[113],"counterpart,":[114],"while":[115],"emphasis":[116],"non-contrastive":[118],"is":[120],"almost":[121],"never":[122],"acceptable.":[123],"Index":[124],"Terms:":[125],"prosody,":[126],"contrast,":[127],"hmm":[128],"1.":[131]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
