{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1685343240","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21437/interspeech.2008-649","title":"On estimation of a speaker's confusion matrix from sparse data","display_name":"On estimation of a speaker's confusion matrix from sparse data","publication_year":2008,"publication_date":"2008-09-22","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1685343240","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21437/interspeech.2008-649","mag":"1685343240"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.21437/interspeech.2008-649","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.21437/interspeech.2008-649","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Interspeech 2008","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103796951","display_name":"Stephen Cox","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Stephen Cox","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computing Sciences"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computing Sciences","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5103796951"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.3798,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.59185668,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"2618","last_page":"2621"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10860","display_name":"Speech and Audio Processing","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10860","display_name":"Speech and Audio Processing","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11233","display_name":"Advanced Adaptive Filtering Techniques","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2206","display_name":"Computational Mechanics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10901","display_name":"Advanced Data Compression Techniques","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/confusion","display_name":"Confusion","score":0.9076731204986572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/confusion-matrix","display_name":"Confusion matrix","score":0.7530192136764526},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6587363481521606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/matrix","display_name":"Matrix (chemical analysis)","score":0.576598048210144},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-recognition","display_name":"Speech recognition","score":0.5335628986358643},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sparse-matrix","display_name":"Sparse matrix","score":0.5022664070129395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/matrix-decomposition","display_name":"Matrix decomposition","score":0.4417096972465515},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.3921665549278259},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3685299754142761},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.3478144109249115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.34208714962005615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.06652423739433289}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781140086","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q557945","display_name":"Confusion","level":2,"score":0.9076731204986572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138602881","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2709591","display_name":"Confusion matrix","level":2,"score":0.7530192136764526},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6587363481521606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106487976","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q685816","display_name":"Matrix (chemical analysis)","level":2,"score":0.576598048210144},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.5335628986358643},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56372850","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1050404","display_name":"Sparse matrix","level":3,"score":0.5022664070129395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42355184","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1361088","display_name":"Matrix decomposition","level":3,"score":0.4417096972465515},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.3921665549278259},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3685299754142761},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.3478144109249115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.34208714962005615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.06652423739433289},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158693339","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190524","display_name":"Eigenvalues and eigenvectors","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163716315","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901177","display_name":"Gaussian","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11171543","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41630","display_name":"Psychoanalysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.21437/interspeech.2008-649","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.21437/interspeech.2008-649","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Interspeech 2008","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.830.9034","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.830.9034","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www2.cmp.uea.ac.uk/%7Esjc/Cox%20Interspeech2008.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:ueaeprints.uea.ac.uk:26019","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://ueaeprints.uea.ac.uk/id/eprint/26019/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400384","display_name":"UEA Digital Repository (University of East Anglia)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1118541","host_organization_name":"University of East Anglia","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1118541"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Conference or Workshop Item"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":12,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W19779066","https://openalex.org/W1488183088","https://openalex.org/W1902027874","https://openalex.org/W1953949349","https://openalex.org/W2022146129","https://openalex.org/W2075036909","https://openalex.org/W2103220975","https://openalex.org/W2119907552","https://openalex.org/W2130722890","https://openalex.org/W2135029798","https://openalex.org/W2160121606","https://openalex.org/W3143596294"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4366202965","https://openalex.org/W1969293528","https://openalex.org/W2349679704","https://openalex.org/W4389633859","https://openalex.org/W2570625548","https://openalex.org/W2898722594","https://openalex.org/W4387560237","https://openalex.org/W2113856999","https://openalex.org/W2125326641","https://openalex.org/W4285148873"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Confusion":[0],"matrices":[1,30,46],"have":[2],"been":[3],"widely":[4],"used":[5],"to":[6,56,85,96],"increase":[7],"the":[8,66,78,120,126],"ac-curacy":[9],"of":[10,44,68,122],"speech":[11],"recognisers,":[12],"but":[13],"usually":[14],"a":[15,62,69],"mean":[16],"confusion":[17,29],"ma-trix,":[18],"averaged":[19],"over":[20],"many":[21],"speakers,":[22],"is":[23,39,52,94],"used.":[24],"However,":[25],"analysis":[26],"shows":[27],"that":[28,102,111],"for":[31,47,64],"individual":[32,48],"speakers":[33],"vary":[34],"con-siderably,":[35],"and":[36,91],"so":[37],"there":[38,51],"benefit":[40],"in":[41],"obtaining":[42],"estimates":[43,110],"con-fusion":[45],"speakers.":[49],"Unfortunately,":[50],"rarely":[53],"enough":[54],"data":[55,76],"make":[57,97],"reliable":[58],"estimates.":[59,99],"We":[60],"present":[61],"technique":[63],"estimating":[65],"elements":[67],"speaker\u2019s":[70],"confu-sion":[71,89],"matrix":[72,83],"given":[73],"only":[74],"sparse":[75],"from":[77,125],"speaker.":[79,127],"It":[80],"utilizes":[81],"non-negative":[82],"factorisation":[84],"find":[86],"structure":[87,93],"within":[88],"matrices,":[90],"this":[92,106],"exploited":[95],"improved":[98],"Results":[100],"show":[101],"under":[103],"certain":[104],"conditions,":[105],"tech-nique":[107],"can":[108],"give":[109],"are":[112],"as":[113,115],"good":[114],"those":[116],"obtained":[117],"with":[118],"twice":[119],"number":[121],"utterances":[123],"available":[124],"1.":[128]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-05T17:49:38.594831","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
