{"id":"https://openalex.org/W129940430","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21437/interspeech.2008-251","title":"Discriminative n-gram language modeling for Turkish","display_name":"Discriminative n-gram language modeling for Turkish","publication_year":2008,"publication_date":"2008-09-22","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W129940430","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21437/interspeech.2008-251","mag":"129940430"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.21437/interspeech.2008-251","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.21437/interspeech.2008-251","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Interspeech 2008","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032284977","display_name":"Ebru Ar\u0131soy","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405392","display_name":"Bo\u011fazi\u00e7i University","ror":"https://ror.org/03z9tma90","country_code":"TR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405392"]}],"countries":["TR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ebru Ar\u0131soy","raw_affiliation_strings":["Bo\u011fazi\u00e7i University, Istanbul, Turkey"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Bo\u011fazi\u00e7i University, Istanbul, Turkey","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405392"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020068498","display_name":"Brian Roark","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165690674","display_name":"Oregon Health & Science University","ror":"https://ror.org/009avj582","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165690674"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Brian Roark","raw_affiliation_strings":["Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, United States"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165690674"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025419994","display_name":"Izhak Shafran","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Izhak Shafran","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055086464","display_name":"Murat Sara\u00e7lar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7435-8510"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405392","display_name":"Bo\u011fazi\u00e7i University","ror":"https://ror.org/03z9tma90","country_code":"TR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405392"]}],"countries":["TR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Murat Sara\u00e7lar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Bo\u011fazi\u00e7i University, Istanbul, Turkey"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Bo\u011fazi\u00e7i University, Istanbul, Turkey","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405392"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5032284977"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405392"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.9329,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":10,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.90929362,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"825","last_page":"828"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10201","display_name":"Speech Recognition and Synthesis","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/discriminative-model","display_name":"Discriminative model","score":0.8893668055534363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nist","display_name":"NIST","score":0.8069261908531189},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/turkish","display_name":"Turkish","score":0.7892847657203674},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/word-error-rate","display_name":"Word error rate","score":0.722987174987793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/n-gram","display_name":"n-gram","score":0.6896390318870544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/language-model","display_name":"Language model","score":0.6821027994155884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6811473369598389},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-recognition","display_name":"Speech recognition","score":0.6119231581687927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.607352077960968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.5965915322303772},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gram","display_name":"Gram","score":0.5333924889564514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/baseline","display_name":"Baseline (sea)","score":0.5219713449478149},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.46731942892074585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/word","display_name":"Word (group theory)","score":0.44948914647102356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transcription","display_name":"Transcription (linguistics)","score":0.4353221654891968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linguistics","display_name":"Linguistics","score":0.21749702095985413}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97931131","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5282087","display_name":"Discriminative model","level":2,"score":0.8893668055534363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111219384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6954384","display_name":"NIST","level":2,"score":0.8069261908531189},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781121862","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q256","display_name":"Turkish","level":2,"score":0.7892847657203674},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40969351","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3516228","display_name":"Word error rate","level":2,"score":0.722987174987793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117884012","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q94489","display_name":"n-gram","level":3,"score":0.6896390318870544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137293760","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3621696","display_name":"Language model","level":2,"score":0.6821027994155884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6811473369598389},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.6119231581687927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.607352077960968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.5965915322303772},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161369605","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41803","display_name":"Gram","level":3,"score":0.5333924889564514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12725497","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q810247","display_name":"Baseline (sea)","level":2,"score":0.5219713449478149},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.46731942892074585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90805587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10944557","display_name":"Word (group theory)","level":2,"score":0.44948914647102356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179926584","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207714","display_name":"Transcription (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.4353221654891968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.21749702095985413},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C523546767","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10876","display_name":"Bacteria","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111368507","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43518","display_name":"Oceanography","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.21437/interspeech.2008-251","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.21437/interspeech.2008-251","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Interspeech 2008","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.331.370","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.331.370","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.cslu.ogi.edu/~zak/is2008.pdf","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","display_name":"Reduced inequalities","score":0.7400000095367432}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":22,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W813000","https://openalex.org/W59017505","https://openalex.org/W76921649","https://openalex.org/W1631260214","https://openalex.org/W1877570817","https://openalex.org/W1915022094","https://openalex.org/W2004316800","https://openalex.org/W2008652694","https://openalex.org/W2010797893","https://openalex.org/W2031287088","https://openalex.org/W2042783153","https://openalex.org/W2050938027","https://openalex.org/W2083217544","https://openalex.org/W2114858359","https://openalex.org/W2125712079","https://openalex.org/W2128201184","https://openalex.org/W2131503018","https://openalex.org/W2146320990","https://openalex.org/W2147467930","https://openalex.org/W2147880316","https://openalex.org/W2158025800","https://openalex.org/W2158148237"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2906970013","https://openalex.org/W3126081632","https://openalex.org/W2625039379","https://openalex.org/W2088254117","https://openalex.org/W4254593385","https://openalex.org/W2790582133","https://openalex.org/W2250909759","https://openalex.org/W1901380241","https://openalex.org/W2532616038","https://openalex.org/W2787311093"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"this":[1,92],"paper":[2],"Discriminative":[3],"Language":[4],"Models":[5],"(DLMs)":[6],"are":[7,48],"applied":[8],"to":[9,20,27,34,54],"the":[10,56,65,76,88,102],"Turkish":[11,16],"Broadcast":[12],"News":[13],"transcription":[14],"task.":[15],"presents":[17],"a":[18],"challenge":[19],"Automatic":[21],"Speech":[22],"Recognition":[23],"(ASR)":[24],"systems":[25],"due":[26],"its":[28],"rich":[29],"morphology.":[30],"Therefore,":[31],"in":[32,52,64],"addition":[33],"word":[35,66],"n-gram":[36,79],"features,":[37],"morphology":[38],"based":[39],"features":[40],"like":[41],"root":[42],"n-grams":[43,47],"and":[44,91],"inflectional":[45,77],"group":[46,78],"incorporated":[49],"into":[50],"DLMs":[51],"order":[53],"improve":[55],"language":[57,110],"models.":[58],"Various":[59],"feature":[60],"sets":[61],"provide":[62],"reductions":[63],"error":[67],"rate":[68],"(WER).":[69],"Our":[70],"best":[71],"result":[72],"is":[73,85,94],"obtained":[74],"with":[75],"features.":[80],"1.0":[81],"%":[82],"absolute":[83],"improvement":[84,93],"achieved":[86],"over":[87],"baseline":[89],"model":[90],"statistically":[95],"significant":[96],"at":[97],"p<0.001":[98],"as":[99],"measured":[100],"by":[101],"NIST":[103],"MAPSSWE":[104],"significance":[105],"test.":[106],"Index":[107],"Terms:":[108],"discriminative":[109],"modeling,":[111],"speech":[112],"recognition,":[113],"agglutinative":[114],"languages":[115]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-05T17:49:38.594831","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}