{"id":"https://openalex.org/W174066529","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21437/interspeech.2007-565","title":"Word confusability - measuring hidden Markov model similarity","display_name":"Word confusability - measuring hidden Markov model similarity","publication_year":2007,"publication_date":"2007-08-27","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W174066529","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21437/interspeech.2007-565","mag":"174066529"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.21437/interspeech.2007-565","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.21437/interspeech.2007-565","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Interspeech 2007","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100380049","display_name":"Jiayu Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7708-5247"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97018004","display_name":"Stanford University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f54p054","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jia-Yu Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Stanford University"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Stanford University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037212510","display_name":"Peder A. Olsen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3836-8017"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1341412227","display_name":"IBM (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/05hh8d621","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1341412227"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Peder A. Olsen","raw_affiliation_strings":["IBM, ,"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IBM, ,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1341412227"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112763337","display_name":"John R. Hershey","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1341412227","display_name":"IBM (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/05hh8d621","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1341412227"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"John R. Hershey","raw_affiliation_strings":["IBM, ,"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IBM, ,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1341412227"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100380049"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.408,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":8,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.84150512,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"2089","last_page":"2092"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10201","display_name":"Speech Recognition and Synthesis","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10201","display_name":"Speech Recognition and Synthesis","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10860","display_name":"Speech and Audio Processing","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.9962000250816345,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bhattacharyya-distance","display_name":"Bhattacharyya distance","score":0.9002581834793091},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hidden-markov-model","display_name":"Hidden Markov model","score":0.8516102433204651},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7205138206481934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-recognition","display_name":"Speech recognition","score":0.626255214214325},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6172902584075928},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/divergence","display_name":"Divergence (linguistics)","score":0.5839069485664368},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/word","display_name":"Word (group theory)","score":0.539545476436615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kullback\u2013leibler-divergence","display_name":"Kullback\u2013Leibler divergence","score":0.514183759689331},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.510109007358551},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/similarity","display_name":"Similarity (geometry)","score":0.49545586109161377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/word-error-rate","display_name":"Word error rate","score":0.4795534312725067},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mixture-model","display_name":"Mixture model","score":0.4452296495437622},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/edit-distance","display_name":"Edit distance","score":0.4379641115665436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.23393410444259644}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24145651","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2901249","display_name":"Bhattacharyya distance","level":2,"score":0.9002581834793091},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23224414","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176769","display_name":"Hidden Markov model","level":2,"score":0.8516102433204651},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7205138206481934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.626255214214325},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6172902584075928},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207390915","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1230525","display_name":"Divergence (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.5839069485664368},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90805587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10944557","display_name":"Word (group theory)","level":2,"score":0.539545476436615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171752962","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q255166","display_name":"Kullback\u2013Leibler divergence","level":2,"score":0.514183759689331},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.510109007358551},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C103278499","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q254465","display_name":"Similarity (geometry)","level":3,"score":0.49545586109161377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40969351","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3516228","display_name":"Word error rate","level":2,"score":0.4795534312725067},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61224824","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2260434","display_name":"Mixture model","level":2,"score":0.4452296495437622},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44359876","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5338467","display_name":"Edit distance","level":2,"score":0.4379641115665436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.23393410444259644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.21437/interspeech.2007-565","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.21437/interspeech.2007-565","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Interspeech 2007","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Quality Education","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","score":0.4399999976158142}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":10,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W139051966","https://openalex.org/W185215740","https://openalex.org/W1647671624","https://openalex.org/W2033178790","https://openalex.org/W2075978670","https://openalex.org/W2101977118","https://openalex.org/W2129984030","https://openalex.org/W2132780103","https://openalex.org/W2145997363","https://openalex.org/W2169787472"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4251657233","https://openalex.org/W2138467869","https://openalex.org/W1551075943","https://openalex.org/W34050557","https://openalex.org/W2406566318","https://openalex.org/W2104911311","https://openalex.org/W4292068860","https://openalex.org/W2131049662","https://openalex.org/W2032826752","https://openalex.org/W2337871617"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0,87,108],"address":[1],"the":[2,12,38,60,98],"problem":[3],"of":[4,22,40,73,123],"word":[5,32],"confusability":[6,33],"in":[7,37,92],"speech":[8,43,52,95],"recognition":[9,44,53],"by":[10,58,121],"measuring":[11],"similarity":[13,81],"between":[14,75,85,90],"Hidden":[15],"Markov":[16],"Models":[17],"(HMMs)":[18],"using":[19,59],"a":[20,31,93,124],"number":[21],"recently":[23],"developed":[24],"techniques.":[25],"The":[26],"focus":[27],"is":[28,35,56],"on":[29],"defining":[30],"that":[34,66],"accurate,":[36],"sense":[39],"predicting":[41],"artificial":[42],"errors,":[45],"and":[46,97],"computationally":[47],"efficient":[48],"when":[49],"applied":[50],"to":[51,79,101,113],"applications.":[54],"It":[55],"shown":[57],"edit":[61,118,127],"distance":[62,83,119,143],"framework":[63],"for":[64],"HMMs":[65],"we":[67],"can":[68],"use":[69,88,122],"statistical":[70],"information":[71],"measures":[72,84,120],"distances":[74],"probability":[76],"distribution":[77],"functions":[78],"define":[80],"or":[82],"HMMs.":[86],"correlation":[89],"errors":[91],"real":[94],"recognizer":[96],"HMM":[99],"similarities":[100],"measure":[102],"how":[103],"well":[104],"each":[105],"technique":[106],"works.":[107],"demonstrate":[109],"significant":[110],"improvements":[111],"relative":[112],"traditional":[114],"phone":[115],"confusion":[116],"weighted":[117],"Bhattacharyya":[125,133],"divergence-based":[126],"distance.":[128],"Index":[129],"Terms:":[130],"Bayes":[131],"Error,":[132],"divergence,":[134],"variational":[135],"methods,":[136],"gaussian":[137],"mixture":[138],"models,":[139],"unscented":[140],"transformation,":[141],"Kullback\u2010Leibler":[142],"rate.":[144]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}