{"id":"https://openalex.org/W11224242","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21437/interspeech.2007-11","title":"An articulatory and acoustic study of \"retroflex\" and \"bunched\" american English rhotic sound based on MRI","display_name":"An articulatory and acoustic study of \"retroflex\" and \"bunched\" american English rhotic sound based on MRI","publication_year":2007,"publication_date":"2007-08-27","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W11224242","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21437/interspeech.2007-11","mag":"11224242"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.21437/interspeech.2007-11","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.21437/interspeech.2007-11","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Interspeech 2007","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Xinhui Zhou","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I66946132","display_name":"University of Maryland, College Park","ror":"https://ror.org/047s2c258","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66946132"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xinhui Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Maryland, College Park"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Maryland, College Park","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66946132"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078241735","display_name":"Carol Espy-Wilson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1012-183X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I66946132","display_name":"University of Maryland, College Park","ror":"https://ror.org/047s2c258","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66946132"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Carol Y. Espy-Wilson","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Maryland, College Park"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Maryland, College Park","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66946132"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013202273","display_name":"Mark Tiede","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6118-0776"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32971472","display_name":"Yale University","ror":"https://ror.org/03v76x132","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32971472"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mark Tiede","raw_affiliation_strings":["Yale University  ;"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Yale University  ;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32971472"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047627556","display_name":"Suzanne Boyce","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2105-2486"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63135867","display_name":"University of Cincinnati","ror":"https://ror.org/01e3m7079","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63135867"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Suzanne Boyce","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Cincinnati"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Cincinnati","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63135867"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.514,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":10,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.5944664,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"54","last_page":"57"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10403","display_name":"Phonetics and Phonology Research","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10403","display_name":"Phonetics and Phonology Research","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10201","display_name":"Speech Recognition and Synthesis","score":0.9944000244140625,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10860","display_name":"Speech and Audio Processing","score":0.9882000088691711,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/formant","display_name":"Formant","score":0.9189301133155823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vocal-tract","display_name":"Vocal tract","score":0.8672857880592346},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tongue","display_name":"Tongue","score":0.6437410116195679},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/significant-difference","display_name":"Significant difference","score":0.586998701095581},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/acoustics","display_name":"Acoustics","score":0.5808682441711426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sound","display_name":"Sound (geography)","score":0.5655206441879272},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/american-english","display_name":"American English","score":0.5440205931663513},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/constriction","display_name":"Constriction","score":0.5367767810821533},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.45053642988204956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phase-difference","display_name":"Phase difference","score":0.441995233297348},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-recognition","display_name":"Speech recognition","score":0.41685646772384644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phase","display_name":"Phase (matter)","score":0.3119876980781555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.30071690678596497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.27378103137016296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.17278817296028137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vowel","display_name":"Vowel","score":0.15907764434814453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linguistics","display_name":"Linguistics","score":0.1264192759990692},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.07071346044540405}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158215666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1414685","display_name":"Formant","level":3,"score":0.9189301133155823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47401133","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q748953","display_name":"Vocal tract","level":2,"score":0.8672857880592346},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779744641","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9614","display_name":"Tongue","level":2,"score":0.6437410116195679},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3018023364","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q425265","display_name":"Significant difference","level":2,"score":0.586998701095581},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24890656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811","display_name":"Acoustics","level":1,"score":0.5808682441711426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203718221","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q491713","display_name":"Sound (geography)","level":2,"score":0.5655206441879272},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777939226","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7976","display_name":"American English","level":2,"score":0.5440205931663513},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C174940676","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q495626","display_name":"Constriction","level":2,"score":0.5367767810821533},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.45053642988204956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3017413879","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q185553","display_name":"Phase difference","level":3,"score":0.441995233297348},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.41685646772384644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44280652","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q104837","display_name":"Phase (matter)","level":2,"score":0.3119876980781555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.30071690678596497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.27378103137016296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.17278817296028137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779581591","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36244","display_name":"Vowel","level":2,"score":0.15907764434814453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.1264192759990692},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.07071346044540405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134018914","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162606","display_name":"Endocrinology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.21437/interspeech.2007-11","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.21437/interspeech.2007-11","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Interspeech 2007","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.5600000023841858,"display_name":"Quality Education","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":7,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W201223029","https://openalex.org/W1972853222","https://openalex.org/W1975556344","https://openalex.org/W1983768559","https://openalex.org/W1996685892","https://openalex.org/W2033237929","https://openalex.org/W2126468446"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2046073792","https://openalex.org/W4254341835","https://openalex.org/W1748856376","https://openalex.org/W2086580720","https://openalex.org/W1909584822","https://openalex.org/W2001425423","https://openalex.org/W2061217898","https://openalex.org/W2894697037","https://openalex.org/W2131046383","https://openalex.org/W1968985892"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,20],"North":[1],"American":[2],"rhotic":[3],"liquid":[4],"has":[5,77],"two":[6,27,63,107],"maximally":[7],"distinct":[8],"articulatory":[9],"variants,":[10,108],"the":[11,15,36,74,86,102,111,119,123],"classic":[12,16],"\u201dretroflex\u201d":[13,75,120],"and":[14,70,83,113,122,129,132],"\u201dbunched\u201d":[17,87],"tongue":[18,51],"postures.":[19],"evidence":[21],"for":[22,53],"acoustic":[23,144],"differences":[24,104],"between":[25,81,105,126],"these":[26,62,106],"variants":[28,64],"is":[29,59,139],"reexamined":[30],"using":[31],"magnetic":[32],"resonance":[33],"images":[34],"of":[35,68,118,146],"vocal":[37,46],"tract":[38,47],"in":[39,109],"this":[40],"study.":[41],"Two":[42],"subjects":[43],"with":[44],"similar":[45,66],"dimensions":[48],"but":[49],"different":[50],"postures":[52],"sustained":[54],"/r/":[55,121],"are":[56],"used.":[57],"It":[58],"shown":[60],"that":[61],"have":[65],"patterns":[67],"F1-F3":[69],"zero":[71],"frequencies.":[72],"However,":[73],"variant":[76],"a":[78],"larger":[79],"difference":[80,97,138],"F4":[82],"F5":[84],"than":[85],"one":[88],"(around":[89],"1400":[90],"Hz":[91],"vs.":[92],"around":[93],"700":[94],"Hz).":[95],"This":[96,135],"can":[98],"be":[99],"explained":[100],"by":[101,141],"geometry":[103],"particular,":[110],"shorter":[112],"more":[114],"forward":[115],"palatal":[116,127],"constriction":[117,128],"sharper":[124],"transition":[125],"its":[130],"anterior":[131],"posterior":[133],"cavities.":[134],"formant":[136],"pattern":[137],"confirmed":[140],"measurement":[142],"from":[143],"data":[145],"several":[147],"additional":[148],"subjects.":[149]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T14:22:42.915294","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
