{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1553271421","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21437/interspeech.2005-647","title":"MLLR transforms as features in speaker recognition","display_name":"MLLR transforms as features in speaker recognition","publication_year":2005,"publication_date":"2005-09-04","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1553271421","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21437/interspeech.2005-647","mag":"1553271421"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.21437/interspeech.2005-647","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.21437/interspeech.2005-647","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Interspeech 2005","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060979948","display_name":"Andreas Stolcke","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9925-905X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1298353152","display_name":"SRI International","ror":"https://ror.org/05s570m15","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1298353152"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Andreas Stolcke","raw_affiliation_strings":["SRI, International;"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"SRI, International;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1298353152"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056267912","display_name":"Luciana Ferrer","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0426-8683"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1298353152","display_name":"SRI International","ror":"https://ror.org/05s570m15","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1298353152"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Luciana Ferrer","raw_affiliation_strings":["SRI, International;"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"SRI, International;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1298353152"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065814281","display_name":"Sachin Kajarekar","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1298353152","display_name":"SRI International","ror":"https://ror.org/05s570m15","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1298353152"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sachin Kajarekar","raw_affiliation_strings":["SRI, International;"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"SRI, International;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1298353152"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5107174154","display_name":"Elizabeth Shriberg","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-3779-4956"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1298353152","display_name":"SRI International","ror":"https://ror.org/05s570m15","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1298353152"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Elizabeth Shriberg","raw_affiliation_strings":["SRI, International;"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"SRI, International;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1298353152"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046717231","display_name":"Anand Venkataraman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6303-4820"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1298353152","display_name":"SRI International","ror":"https://ror.org/05s570m15","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1298353152"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Anand Venkataraman","raw_affiliation_strings":["SRI, International;"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"SRI, International;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1298353152"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1298353152"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":136,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"2425","last_page":"2428"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10201","display_name":"Speech Recognition and Synthesis","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10201","display_name":"Speech Recognition and Synthesis","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10860","display_name":"Speech and Audio Processing","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11309","display_name":"Music and Audio Processing","score":0.9927999973297119,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-recognition","display_name":"Speech recognition","score":0.7691980600357056},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.725483775138855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speaker-recognition","display_name":"Speaker recognition","score":0.7204558849334717},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mel-frequency-cepstrum","display_name":"Mel-frequency cepstrum","score":0.6674696803092957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cepstrum","display_name":"Cepstrum","score":0.6656294465065002},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/support-vector-machine","display_name":"Support vector machine","score":0.6511419415473938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.575984001159668},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5617293119430542},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speaker-diarisation","display_name":"Speaker diarisation","score":0.5033456683158875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gaussian","display_name":"Gaussian","score":0.4942527115345001},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/affine-transformation","display_name":"Affine transformation","score":0.478821337223053},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mixture-model","display_name":"Mixture model","score":0.43890804052352905},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hidden-markov-model","display_name":"Hidden Markov model","score":0.4321553707122803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-extraction","display_name":"Feature extraction","score":0.39700454473495483},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.13124138116836548}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.7691980600357056},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.725483775138855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133892786","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1145189","display_name":"Speaker recognition","level":2,"score":0.7204558849334717},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151989614","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q440370","display_name":"Mel-frequency cepstrum","level":3,"score":0.6674696803092957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C88485024","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1054571","display_name":"Cepstrum","level":2,"score":0.6656294465065002},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12267149","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q282453","display_name":"Support vector machine","level":2,"score":0.6511419415473938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.575984001159668},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5617293119430542},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149838564","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7574248","display_name":"Speaker diarisation","level":3,"score":0.5033456683158875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163716315","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901177","display_name":"Gaussian","level":2,"score":0.4942527115345001},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C92757383","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q382497","display_name":"Affine transformation","level":2,"score":0.478821337223053},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61224824","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2260434","display_name":"Mixture model","level":2,"score":0.43890804052352905},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23224414","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176769","display_name":"Hidden Markov model","level":2,"score":0.4321553707122803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.39700454473495483},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.13124138116836548},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202444582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837863","display_name":"Pure mathematics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.21437/interspeech.2005-647","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.21437/interspeech.2005-647","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Interspeech 2005","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.156.9843","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.156.9843","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www-speech.sri.com/cgi-bin/run-distill?papers/eurospeech2005-mllr-spkr.ps.gz","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.4000000059604645,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","display_name":"Quality Education"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":9,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1525353239","https://openalex.org/W1547701650","https://openalex.org/W2002342963","https://openalex.org/W2041823554","https://openalex.org/W2078953162","https://openalex.org/W2130520294","https://openalex.org/W2144158639","https://openalex.org/W2408222853","https://openalex.org/W3145606929"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2018086531","https://openalex.org/W1980297060","https://openalex.org/W2387604097","https://openalex.org/W1963976507","https://openalex.org/W2373675101","https://openalex.org/W2048014685","https://openalex.org/W4385672897","https://openalex.org/W2370972896","https://openalex.org/W106160982","https://openalex.org/W2206035908"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0],"explore":[1],"the":[2,32,46,50,68],"use":[3],"of":[4,34,49],"adaptation":[5],"transforms":[6,42],"employed":[7],"in":[8,37,54,90],"speech":[9],"recognition":[10,27],"systems":[11],"as":[12,74],"features":[13,76],"for":[14,31,45],"speaker":[15,26,39,75,84],"recognition.":[16],"This":[17],"approach":[18],"is":[19,87],"attractive":[20],"because,":[21],"unlike":[22],"standard":[23],"framebased":[24],"cepstral":[25,98],"models,":[28],"it":[29],"normalizes":[30],"choice":[33],"spoken":[35],"words":[36],"text-independent":[38],"verification.":[40],"Affine":[41],"are":[43,71,106],"computed":[44],"Gaussian":[47],"means":[48],"acoustic":[51],"models":[52],"used":[53],"a":[55],"recognizer,":[56],"using":[57,77],"maximum":[58],"likelihood":[59],"linear":[60],"regression":[61],"(MLLR).":[62],"The":[63,82],"high-dimensional":[64],"vectors":[65],"formed":[66],"by":[67,108],"transform":[69],"coefficients":[70],"then":[72],"modeled":[73],"support":[78],"vector":[79],"machines":[80],"(SVMs).":[81],"resulting":[83],"verification":[85],"system":[86],"competitive,":[88],"and":[89,101,111],"some":[91],"cases":[92],"significantly":[93],"more":[94],"accurate,":[95],"than":[96],"state-of-the-art":[97],"gaussian":[99],"mixture":[100],"SVM":[102],"systems.":[103,113],"Further":[104],"improvements":[105],"obtained":[107],"combining":[109],"baseline":[110],"MLLR-based":[112],"1.":[114]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":9}],"updated_date":"2026-07-14T23:27:15.235271","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
