{"id":"https://openalex.org/W31701305","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21437/interspeech.2005-568","title":"Generation of fundamental frequency contours for Mandarin speech synthesis based on tone nucleus model","display_name":"Generation of fundamental frequency contours for Mandarin speech synthesis based on tone nucleus model","publication_year":2005,"publication_date":"2005-09-04","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W31701305","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21437/interspeech.2005-568","mag":"31701305"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.21437/interspeech.2005-568","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.21437/interspeech.2005-568","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Interspeech 2005","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048902633","display_name":"Qinghua Sun","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3908-307X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3133035077","display_name":"Ube Frontier University","ror":"https://ror.org/03sgcr744","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3133035077"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74801974","display_name":"The University of Tokyo","ror":"https://ror.org/057zh3y96","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74801974"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I880766802","display_name":"Graduate School USA","ror":"https://ror.org/04n835f38","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I880766802"]}],"countries":["JP","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qinghua Sun","raw_affiliation_strings":["Graduate School of Frontier Sciences University of Tokyo, Japan","Graduate School of Information Science and Technology,","Graduate School of Engineering,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graduate School of Frontier Sciences University of Tokyo, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3133035077","https://openalex.org/I74801974"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graduate School of Information Science and Technology,","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graduate School of Engineering,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I880766802"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108197272","display_name":"Keikichi Hirose","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Keikichi Hirose","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057030937","display_name":"Wentao Gu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9789-6007"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wentao Gu","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041213266","display_name":"Nobuaki Minematsu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8778-9555"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nobuaki Minematsu","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":9,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"3265","last_page":"3268"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10201","display_name":"Speech Recognition and Synthesis","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10201","display_name":"Speech Recognition and Synthesis","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10403","display_name":"Phonetics and Phonology Research","score":0.9965999722480774,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10860","display_name":"Speech and Audio Processing","score":0.9951000213623047,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/naturalness","display_name":"Naturalness","score":0.8527781367301941},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mandarin-chinese","display_name":"Mandarin Chinese","score":0.76561439037323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tone","display_name":"Tone (literature)","score":0.7379109859466553},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-recognition","display_name":"Speech recognition","score":0.6600487232208252},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phrase","display_name":"Phrase","score":0.6343597173690796},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6105616092681885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-synthesis","display_name":"Speech synthesis","score":0.5828945636749268},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sentence","display_name":"Sentence","score":0.5460701584815979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/binary-number","display_name":"Binary number","score":0.4790797829627991},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/point","display_name":"Point (geometry)","score":0.46796947717666626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4378580152988434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.34727808833122253},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.2571275532245636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.13166186213493347},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linguistics","display_name":"Linguistics","score":0.12151604890823364}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134537474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17144832","display_name":"Naturalness","level":2,"score":0.8527781367301941},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138954614","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9192","display_name":"Mandarin Chinese","level":2,"score":0.76561439037323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780583480","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1366327","display_name":"Tone (literature)","level":2,"score":0.7379109859466553},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.6600487232208252},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776224158","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q187931","display_name":"Phrase","level":2,"score":0.6343597173690796},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6105616092681885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14999030","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16346","display_name":"Speech synthesis","level":2,"score":0.5828945636749268},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777530160","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41796","display_name":"Sentence","level":2,"score":0.5460701584815979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48372109","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3913","display_name":"Binary number","level":2,"score":0.4790797829627991},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28719098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44946","display_name":"Point (geometry)","level":2,"score":0.46796947717666626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4378580152988434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.34727808833122253},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.2571275532245636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.13166186213493347},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.12151604890823364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94375191","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11205","display_name":"Arithmetic","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.21437/interspeech.2005-568","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.21437/interspeech.2005-568","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Interspeech 2005","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Gender equality","score":0.5199999809265137,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/5"},{"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","score":0.4699999988079071,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":10,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W53676922","https://openalex.org/W64927310","https://openalex.org/W129837910","https://openalex.org/W188053762","https://openalex.org/W1485450734","https://openalex.org/W2034277951","https://openalex.org/W2071399124","https://openalex.org/W2078617267","https://openalex.org/W2106564373","https://openalex.org/W2742954640"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2393887907","https://openalex.org/W2347443630","https://openalex.org/W2388826840","https://openalex.org/W2481138693","https://openalex.org/W2379831327","https://openalex.org/W2386691339","https://openalex.org/W156219719","https://openalex.org/W2163874654","https://openalex.org/W2365805939","https://openalex.org/W2287147624"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"A":[0],"new":[1],"method":[2,14,84],"for":[3],"generating":[4],"sentence":[5,39],"F":[6,17,40,48,65],"0":[7,18,41,49,66],"contours":[8,88,107],"of":[9,51,64,92,114,127],"Mandarin":[10],"speech":[11,103],"is":[12,45],"proposed.The":[13],"assumes":[15],"the":[16,25,83,101,105,110,121,125,128],"contour":[19,67],"generation":[20,68],"process":[21],"model,":[22],"but":[23],"generates":[24],"tone":[26,43,52],"and":[27,33],"phrase":[28],"components":[29],"in":[30,116],"different":[31],"ways":[32],"sums":[34],"them":[35],"to":[36,90],"produce":[37],"a":[38,58,77,117],"contour.The":[42],"component":[44],"generated":[46,108],"concatenating":[47],"patterns":[50],"nuclei,":[53],"which":[54],"are":[55],"predicted":[56],"by":[57,71,76,109],"corpus-based":[59],"scheme":[60],"(binary":[61],"decision":[62],"trees).Experiments":[63],"were":[69],"conducted":[70,99],"using":[72,104],"100":[73],"news":[74],"utterances":[75],"female":[78],"speaker.The":[79],"results":[80],"showed":[81],"that":[82],"could":[85],"generate":[86],"F0":[87,106],"close":[89],"those":[91],"target":[93],"speech.A":[94],"perceptual":[95],"evaluation":[96],"was":[97],"also":[98],"on":[100],"synthetic":[102],"method.An":[111],"average":[112],"score":[113],"4.5":[115],"5-point":[118],"scale":[119],"indicates":[120],"high":[122],"naturalness,":[123],"verifying":[124],"validity":[126],"method.":[129]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-25T09:21:30.201066","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}