{"id":"https://openalex.org/W165417294","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21437/interspeech.2005-443","title":"Generation of word alternative pronunciations using weighted finite state transducers","display_name":"Generation of word alternative pronunciations using weighted finite state transducers","publication_year":2005,"publication_date":"2005-09-04","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W165417294","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21437/interspeech.2005-443","mag":"165417294"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.21437/interspeech.2005-443","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.21437/interspeech.2005-443","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Interspeech 2005","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064135071","display_name":"S\u00e9rgio Roberto de Paulo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5101-6227"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I121345201","display_name":"Instituto de Engenharia de Sistemas e Computadores Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o e Desenvolvimento","ror":"https://ror.org/04mqy3p58","country_code":"PT","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I121345201","https://openalex.org/I4210125590"]}],"countries":["PT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"S\u00e9rgio Paulo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Inesc-ID"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Inesc-ID","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I121345201"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101737161","display_name":"Lu\u00eds Oliveira","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9024-2200"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I121345201","display_name":"Instituto de Engenharia de Sistemas e Computadores Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o e Desenvolvimento","ror":"https://ror.org/04mqy3p58","country_code":"PT","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I121345201","https://openalex.org/I4210125590"]}],"countries":["PT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lu\u00eds C. Oliveira","raw_affiliation_strings":["Inesc-ID"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Inesc-ID","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I121345201"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I121345201"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.7252,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":10,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.84349551,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1157","last_page":"1160"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10201","display_name":"Speech Recognition and Synthesis","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10201","display_name":"Speech Recognition and Synthesis","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12031","display_name":"Speech and dialogue systems","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.805822491645813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/grapheme","display_name":"Grapheme","score":0.7783150672912598},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pronunciation","display_name":"Pronunciation","score":0.7340877056121826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/word","display_name":"Word (group theory)","score":0.6816518306732178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/syllable","display_name":"Syllable","score":0.6656790971755981},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phone","display_name":"Phone","score":0.6478090882301331},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6159788966178894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.5778269171714783},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-recognition","display_name":"Speech recognition","score":0.5485478639602661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sequence","display_name":"Sequence (biology)","score":0.5164718627929688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/utterance","display_name":"Utterance","score":0.45684871077537537},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/text-segmentation","display_name":"Text segmentation","score":0.44346484541893005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/segmentation","display_name":"Segmentation","score":0.31969982385635376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.1292804777622223},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linguistics","display_name":"Linguistics","score":0.08270823955535889}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.805822491645813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776779415","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2545446","display_name":"Grapheme","level":3,"score":0.7783150672912598},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780844864","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q184377","display_name":"Pronunciation","level":2,"score":0.7340877056121826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90805587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10944557","display_name":"Word (group theory)","level":2,"score":0.6816518306732178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C109089402","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8188","display_name":"Syllable","level":2,"score":0.6656790971755981},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778707766","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q202064","display_name":"Phone","level":2,"score":0.6478090882301331},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6159788966178894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.5778269171714783},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.5485478639602661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778112365","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3511065","display_name":"Sequence (biology)","level":2,"score":0.5164718627929688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775852435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q258403","display_name":"Utterance","level":2,"score":0.45684871077537537},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98501671","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1948408","display_name":"Text segmentation","level":3,"score":0.44346484541893005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89600930","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423946","display_name":"Segmentation","level":2,"score":0.31969982385635376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.1292804777622223},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.08270823955535889},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C30080830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q169917","display_name":"Graphene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.21437/interspeech.2005-443","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.21437/interspeech.2005-443","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Interspeech 2005","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","score":0.7300000190734863,"display_name":"Quality Education"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":9,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W180253589","https://openalex.org/W245263649","https://openalex.org/W2033010331","https://openalex.org/W2056191164","https://openalex.org/W2117499474","https://openalex.org/W2127215649","https://openalex.org/W2150658333","https://openalex.org/W2396600922","https://openalex.org/W3089568339"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2506515307","https://openalex.org/W2060656088","https://openalex.org/W2183593636","https://openalex.org/W2529301793","https://openalex.org/W2350724007","https://openalex.org/W2080578089","https://openalex.org/W2179005426","https://openalex.org/W4313650408","https://openalex.org/W4310449030","https://openalex.org/W3113535064"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0,77,122],"paper":[1],"describes":[2],"a":[3,12,49,64],"speech":[4],"segmentation":[5],"tool":[6],"allowing":[7],"alternative":[8,83],"word":[9,18,95],"pronunciations":[10],"within":[11],"WFST":[13],"framework.":[14],"Two":[15],"approaches":[16,98],"to":[17,69,81,92],"pronunciation":[19],"graph":[20],"generation":[21],"were":[22,99],"developed":[23],"and":[24],"evaluated.":[25],"The":[26,133],"first":[27],"approach":[28,109,135],"is":[29,34,67,79],"grapheme-based":[30],"where":[31],"each":[32,108,131],"grapheme":[33,58],"converted":[35],"into":[36],"all":[37,57,117],"the":[38,46,61,71,75,94,103,111,120,137],"phones":[39],"it":[40],"can":[41],"give":[42],"rise":[43],"to,":[44],"in":[45,119],"form":[47],"of":[48,74],"WFST.":[50],"Word":[51],"graphs":[52],"are":[53,90],"obtained":[54],"by":[55,101,107],"concatenating":[56],"WFSTs.":[59],"In":[60],"second":[62],"approach,":[63],"training":[65],"corpus":[66],"used":[68,80,125],"find":[70],"different":[72],"realizations":[73],"syllable.":[76],"information":[78],"generate":[82],"syllable-level":[84],"pronunciations,":[85],"represented":[86],"as":[87],"WFSTs,":[88],"that":[89],"concatenated":[91],"produce":[93],"graphs.":[96],"Both":[97],"evaluated":[100],"aligning":[102],"phone":[104,114],"sequence":[105,115],"generated":[106],"with":[110],"manually":[112],"labelled":[113],"for":[116,126,130],"utterance":[118],"corpus.":[121],"alignment":[123],"was":[124],"computing":[127],"F-rate":[128],"values":[129],"phone.":[132],"syllable-based":[134],"produced":[136],"best":[138],"results.":[139]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T14:22:42.915294","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
