{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2130750986","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21437/interspeech.2005-284","title":"Multidimensional scaling of listener responses to synthetic speech","display_name":"Multidimensional scaling of listener responses to synthetic speech","publication_year":2005,"publication_date":"2005-09-04","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2130750986","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21437/interspeech.2005-284","mag":"2130750986"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.21437/interspeech.2005-284","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.21437/interspeech.2005-284","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Interspeech 2005","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/1842/937","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055797199","display_name":"Catherine Mayo","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Catherine Mayo","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Informatics, Institute of Language, Cognition and Computation"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Informatics, Institute of Language, Cognition and Computation","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084488961","display_name":"Robert A. Clark","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4892-3619"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Robert A. J. Clark","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Informatics, Institute of Language, Cognition and Computation"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Informatics, Institute of Language, Cognition and Computation","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062516688","display_name":"Simon King","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2694-2843"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98677209","display_name":"University of Edinburgh","ror":"https://ror.org/01nrxwf90","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Simon King","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Philosophy Psychology and Language Sciences"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Philosophy Psychology and Language Sciences","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.6201,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":31,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.84544284,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1725","last_page":"1728"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10860","display_name":"Speech and Audio Processing","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10860","display_name":"Speech and Audio Processing","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10283","display_name":"Hearing Loss and Rehabilitation","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10403","display_name":"Phonetics and Phonology Research","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/naturalness","display_name":"Naturalness","score":0.8345506191253662},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multidimensional-scaling","display_name":"Multidimensional scaling","score":0.6922702789306641},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6459482908248901},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychoacoustics","display_name":"Psychoacoustics","score":0.62713623046875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-recognition","display_name":"Speech recognition","score":0.6216669678688049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/perception","display_name":"Perception","score":0.5974496006965637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intonation","display_name":"Intonation (linguistics)","score":0.5930215716362},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/salient","display_name":"Salient","score":0.5236353874206543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dimension","display_name":"Dimension (graph theory)","score":0.5114182829856873},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/space","display_name":"Space (punctuation)","score":0.4654805064201355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.25687479972839355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.2376939356327057},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.17242127656936646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.12102237343788147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linguistics","display_name":"Linguistics","score":0.0838032066822052}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134537474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17144832","display_name":"Naturalness","level":2,"score":0.8345506191253662},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91682802","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q620538","display_name":"Multidimensional scaling","level":2,"score":0.6922702789306641},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6459482908248901},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9940772","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q557399","display_name":"Psychoacoustics","level":3,"score":0.62713623046875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.6216669678688049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26760741","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160402","display_name":"Perception","level":2,"score":0.5974496006965637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781045179","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5576720","display_name":"Intonation (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.5930215716362},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780719617","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1030752","display_name":"Salient","level":2,"score":0.5236353874206543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33676613","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13415176","display_name":"Dimension (graph theory)","level":2,"score":0.5114182829856873},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778572836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q380933","display_name":"Space (punctuation)","level":2,"score":0.4654805064201355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.25687479972839355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.2376939356327057},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.17242127656936646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.12102237343788147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0838032066822052},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202444582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837863","display_name":"Pure mathematics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.21437/interspeech.2005-284","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.21437/interspeech.2005-284","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Interspeech 2005","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:era.ed.ac.uk:1842/937","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://www.isca-speech.org/archive/interspeech_2005","pdf_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/1842/937","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407055182","display_name":"ERA","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Conference Paper"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.ed.ac.uk:publications/8a82a317-64b2-42d5-8bf4-baffc1d480fa","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11820/8a82a317-64b2-42d5-8bf4-baffc1d480fa","pdf_url":"https://www.pure.ed.ac.uk/ws/files/20136573/ie_speech_2005.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4406922455","display_name":"Edinburgh Research Explorer","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":""},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.66.4753","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.66.4753","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.cstr.ed.ac.uk/downloads/publications/2005/ie-speech-2005.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.ed.ac.uk:openaire/8a82a317-64b2-42d5-8bf4-baffc1d480fa","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.research.ed.ac.uk/en/publications/8a82a317-64b2-42d5-8bf4-baffc1d480fa","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4406922455","display_name":"Edinburgh Research Explorer","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Mayo, C, Clark, R A J & King, S 2005, Multidimensional Scaling of Listener Responses to Synthetic Speech. in Interspeech 2005 - Eurospeech : 9th European Conference on Speech Communication and Technology . International Speech Communication Association, pp. 1725-1728.","raw_type":"contributionToPeriodical"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:era.ed.ac.uk:1842/937","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://www.isca-speech.org/archive/interspeech_2005","pdf_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/1842/937","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407055182","display_name":"ERA","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Conference Paper"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.47999998927116394,"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2130750986.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2130750986.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":20,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W279046041","https://openalex.org/W1594104236","https://openalex.org/W1598595925","https://openalex.org/W1968043361","https://openalex.org/W1976481157","https://openalex.org/W1984146016","https://openalex.org/W1993678946","https://openalex.org/W1996059192","https://openalex.org/W2000635945","https://openalex.org/W2006310618","https://openalex.org/W2017434000","https://openalex.org/W2017803487","https://openalex.org/W2018795295","https://openalex.org/W2043007325","https://openalex.org/W2071168545","https://openalex.org/W2081794212","https://openalex.org/W2138123933","https://openalex.org/W2170255667","https://openalex.org/W2395804757","https://openalex.org/W2535215250"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2029561777","https://openalex.org/W172797710","https://openalex.org/W3165080709","https://openalex.org/W2945105049","https://openalex.org/W2626699140","https://openalex.org/W2909357361","https://openalex.org/W4387098302","https://openalex.org/W4288365855","https://openalex.org/W2535215250","https://openalex.org/W119415662"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,147],"move":[1],"to":[2,35,52,57,68,76,93,103,171,210,218,223],"unit-selection":[3],"in":[4,9,144,192],"speech":[5,119,227],"synthesis":[6],"has":[7,207],"resulted":[8],"system":[10],"improvements":[11,26],"being":[12],"made":[13],"at":[14],"subtle":[15,25],"sub-":[16],"and":[17,238],"suprasegmental":[18],"levels.":[19],"Human":[20],"perceptual":[21,33],"evaluation":[22,71],"of":[23,32,82,112,117,124,127,167,173,214,234,246,248,252],"such":[24],"requires":[27],"a":[28,98,109,189,212],"highly":[29],"sophisticated":[30],"level":[31,242],"attention":[34],"specific":[36],"acoustic":[37,48,115],"characteristics":[38,116,172],"or":[39,135,240,250],"cues.":[40],"However,":[41],"it":[42],"is":[43,149],"not":[44],"well":[45],"understood":[46],"what":[47,114],"cues":[49,215,231,243],"listeners":[50,75,121,199,224],"attend":[51],"by":[53],"default":[54],"when":[55,201],"asked":[56],"evaluate":[58,104],"synthetic":[59,118,203,226],"speech.":[60,129,204],"It":[61],"may,":[62],"therefore,":[63],"be":[64,188,219],"potentially":[65],"quite":[66],"difficult":[67],"design":[69],"an":[70],"method":[72,111,206],"that":[73,88,152,184,198,216],"allows":[74],"concentrate":[77],"on":[78],"only":[79],"one":[80],"dimension":[81],"the":[83,125,128,165,168,174,178,194],"signal,":[84],"while":[85,158],"ignoring":[86],"others":[87],"are":[89,155,161],"perceptually":[90,221],"more":[91],"important":[92],"them.":[94],"This":[95,205],"paper":[96],"describes":[97],"pilot":[99],"study":[100],"which":[101,176],"aims":[102],"multidimensional":[105],"scaling":[106],"(MDS)":[107],"as":[108,142],"possible":[110],"determining":[113],"influence":[120],"\u2019":[122],"judgements":[123],"naturalness":[126],"Using":[130],"distance":[131],"measures":[132],"(either":[133],"real":[134],"perceived":[136,179],"distances),":[137],"MDS":[138,185],"techniques":[139,186],"represent":[140],"stimuli":[141,154,160,175],"points":[143],"n-dimensional":[145],"space.":[146],"space":[148,169],"configured":[150],"so":[151],"similar":[153],"close":[156],"together,":[157],"different":[159],"farther":[162],"apart.":[163],"Additionally,":[164],"dimensions":[166],"correspond":[170],"influenced":[177],"distances.":[180],"Our":[181],"results":[182],"indicate":[183],"should":[187],"useful":[190],"tool":[191],"understanding":[193],"complex":[195],"psychoacoustic":[196],"processes":[197],"undergo":[200],"evaluating":[202,225],"allowed":[208],"us":[209],"identify":[211],"number":[213,251],"appear":[217],"particularly":[220],"salient":[222],"naturalness,":[228],"namely":[229],"prosodic":[230],"(in":[232,244],"terms":[233,245],"duration":[235],"and/or":[236],"intonation)":[237],"segmental":[239],"unit":[241],"appropriateness":[247],"units,":[249],"units).":[253],"1.":[254]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}