{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1863925689","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21437/interspeech.2004-232","title":"Mixture language models for call routing","display_name":"Mixture language models for call routing","publication_year":2004,"publication_date":"2004-10-04","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1863925689","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21437/interspeech.2004-232","mag":"1863925689"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.21437/interspeech.2004-232","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.21437/interspeech.2004-232","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Interspeech 2004","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073785112","display_name":"Qiang Huang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5455-9454"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1118541","display_name":"University of East Anglia","ror":"https://ror.org/026k5mg93","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1118541"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qiang Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["#N#University of East Anglia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"#N#University of East Anglia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1118541"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103796951","display_name":"Stephen Cox","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1118541","display_name":"University of East Anglia","ror":"https://ror.org/026k5mg93","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1118541"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Stephen Cox","raw_affiliation_strings":["#N#University of East Anglia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"#N#University of East Anglia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1118541"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1118541"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.11868423,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"2153","last_page":"2156"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12031","display_name":"Speech and dialogue systems","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10201","display_name":"Speech Recognition and Synthesis","score":0.9976999759674072,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/utterance","display_name":"Utterance","score":0.8232325315475464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8053275346755981},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/salient","display_name":"Salient","score":0.7842166423797607},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-recognition","display_name":"Speech recognition","score":0.6916582584381104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/language-model","display_name":"Language model","score":0.6533867716789246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vocabulary","display_name":"Vocabulary","score":0.6113525032997131},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/context","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","score":0.6084252595901489},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phone","display_name":"Phone","score":0.5940168499946594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.550613284111023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/identification","display_name":"Identification (biology)","score":0.4964213967323303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/decodes","display_name":"Decodes","score":0.4313858151435852},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/task","display_name":"Task (project management)","score":0.4286878705024719},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.421954870223999},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/decoding-methods","display_name":"Decoding methods","score":0.18397930264472961},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linguistics","display_name":"Linguistics","score":0.12599951028823853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.10518574714660645}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775852435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q258403","display_name":"Utterance","level":2,"score":0.8232325315475464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8053275346755981},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780719617","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1030752","display_name":"Salient","level":2,"score":0.7842166423797607},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.6916582584381104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137293760","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3621696","display_name":"Language model","level":2,"score":0.6533867716789246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777601683","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6499736","display_name":"Vocabulary","level":2,"score":0.6113525032997131},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.6084252595901489},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778707766","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q202064","display_name":"Phone","level":2,"score":0.5940168499946594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.550613284111023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116834253","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2039217","display_name":"Identification (biology)","level":2,"score":0.4964213967323303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778858076","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5249539","display_name":"Decodes","level":3,"score":0.4313858151435852},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.4286878705024719},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.421954870223999},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57273362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q576722","display_name":"Decoding methods","level":2,"score":0.18397930264472961},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.12599951028823853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.10518574714660645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187736073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920921","display_name":"Management","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59822182","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q441","display_name":"Botany","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.21437/interspeech.2004-232","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.21437/interspeech.2004-232","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Interspeech 2004","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:ueaeprints.uea.ac.uk:23650","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://ueaeprints.uea.ac.uk/id/eprint/23650/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400384","display_name":"UEA Digital Repository (University of East Anglia)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1118541","host_organization_name":"University of East Anglia","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1118541"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Conference or Workshop Item"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Quality Education","score":0.7599999904632568,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":13,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W200927961","https://openalex.org/W1488377236","https://openalex.org/W1493036841","https://openalex.org/W1564518192","https://openalex.org/W1602444393","https://openalex.org/W1732656017","https://openalex.org/W1820335631","https://openalex.org/W1838490064","https://openalex.org/W2096421062","https://openalex.org/W2102582131","https://openalex.org/W2105992791","https://openalex.org/W2117520332","https://openalex.org/W2136542423"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2529301793","https://openalex.org/W2384121599","https://openalex.org/W2038083449","https://openalex.org/W3102964724","https://openalex.org/W2147073653","https://openalex.org/W3177678247","https://openalex.org/W1999617572","https://openalex.org/W2944572343","https://openalex.org/W2333799855","https://openalex.org/W2351687372"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Our":[0],"goal":[1],"is":[2,177],"to":[3,12,16,93,134,173],"extract":[4],"information":[5],"from":[6],"a":[7,19,58,72],"telephone":[8],"call":[9,15,89,119,158],"in":[10,35,81,115,150,181],"order":[11],"route":[13,66,120],"the":[14,32,36,84,106,116,128,143,154,182],"one":[17],"of":[18,21,47,83,87,108,118,124,130,156,179],"number":[20],"destinations.":[22],"We":[23],"assume":[24],"that":[25,56,98],"we":[26,40,54,104],"do":[27],"not":[28],"know":[29],"\"a":[30],"priori\"":[31],"vocabulary":[33],"used":[34],"application":[37],"and":[38,95],"so":[39],"use":[41,107],"phonetic":[42],"recognition":[43,63,114,137],"followed":[44],"by":[45],"identification":[46],"salient":[48,85,139,170],"phone":[49],"sequences.":[50],"In":[51,101],"previous":[52],"work,":[53],"showed":[55],"using":[57,71],"separate":[59],"language":[60,110,132],"model":[61],"during":[62],"for":[64,112,168],"each":[65,79,88],"gave":[67],"improved":[68],"performance":[69],"over":[70],"single":[73],"model.":[74],"However,":[75],"this":[76,102],"technique":[77,125],"decodes":[78],"utterance":[80],"terms":[82],"sequences":[86,172],"route,":[90],"which":[91],"leads":[92],"insertion":[94],"substitution":[96],"errors":[97],"degrade":[99],"performance.":[100],"paper,":[103],"introduce":[105],"mixture":[109],"models":[111,133],"speech":[113],"context":[117],"classification.":[121],"The":[122],"benefit":[123],"can":[126,147],"has":[127],"efficiency":[129],"multiple":[131],"get":[135],"accurate":[136],"on":[138,142],"phoneme":[140,171],"sequences;":[141],"other":[144],"hand,":[145],"it":[146,176],"give":[148],"help":[149],"classification,":[151],"even":[152],"if":[153],"size":[155],"some":[157,169],"routes":[159],"have":[160],"just":[161],"50~60":[162],"utterances.":[163],"It":[164],"avoids":[165],"building":[166],"HMMs":[167],"decide":[174],"whether":[175],"correct":[178],"occurring":[180],"utterance.":[183]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T14:22:42.915294","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}