{"id":"https://openalex.org/W160264399","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21437/icslp.2002-641","title":"Reducing pronunciation lexicon confusion and using more data without phonetic transcription for pronunciation modeling","display_name":"Reducing pronunciation lexicon confusion and using more data without phonetic transcription for pronunciation modeling","publication_year":2002,"publication_date":"2002-09-16","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W160264399","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21437/icslp.2002-641","mag":"160264399"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.21437/icslp.2002-641","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.21437/icslp.2002-641","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"7th International Conference on Spoken Language Processing (ICSLP 2002)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102931829","display_name":"Zheng Fang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6081-3220"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fang Zheng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Tsinghua University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tsinghua University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103537561","display_name":"Zhanjiang Song","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhanjiang Song","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065856469","display_name":"Pascale Fung","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0628-7132"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pascale Fung","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"William Byrne","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"William Byrne","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"2461","last_page":"2464"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10201","display_name":"Speech Recognition and Synthesis","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10201","display_name":"Speech Recognition and Synthesis","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10403","display_name":"Phonetics and Phonology Research","score":0.9923999905586243,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11309","display_name":"Music and Audio Processing","score":0.9914000034332275,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pronunciation","display_name":"Pronunciation","score":0.9266072511672974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.81889808177948},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lexicon","display_name":"Lexicon","score":0.7907866835594177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phonetic-transcription","display_name":"Phonetic transcription","score":0.7235870361328125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transcription","display_name":"Transcription (linguistics)","score":0.6848560571670532},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/confusion","display_name":"Confusion","score":0.6550794243812561},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/weighting","display_name":"Weighting","score":0.6165645718574524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-recognition","display_name":"Speech recognition","score":0.5680152177810669},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5468976497650146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.5320426225662231},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/context","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","score":0.46965447068214417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linguistics","display_name":"Linguistics","score":0.16344088315963745}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780844864","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q184377","display_name":"Pronunciation","level":2,"score":0.9266072511672974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.81889808177948},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778121359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8096","display_name":"Lexicon","level":2,"score":0.7907866835594177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777853878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q743569","display_name":"Phonetic transcription","level":2,"score":0.7235870361328125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179926584","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207714","display_name":"Transcription (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.6848560571670532},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781140086","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q557945","display_name":"Confusion","level":2,"score":0.6550794243812561},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C183115368","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q856577","display_name":"Weighting","level":2,"score":0.6165645718574524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.5680152177810669},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5468976497650146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.5320426225662231},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.46965447068214417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.16344088315963745},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11171543","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41630","display_name":"Psychoanalysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126838900","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77604","display_name":"Radiology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.21437/icslp.2002-641","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.21437/icslp.2002-641","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"7th International Conference on Spoken Language Processing (ICSLP 2002)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:generic.eprints.org:328024","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://publications.eng.cam.ac.uk/328024/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4406922847","display_name":"Cambridge University Engineering Department Publications Database","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Conference or Workshop Item"},{"id":"pmh:oai:repository.hkust.edu.hk:1783.1-101189","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://repository.hkust.edu.hk/ir/Record/1783.1-101189","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401796","display_name":"Rare & Special e-Zone (The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I200769079","host_organization_name":"Hong Kong University of Science and Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200769079"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Conference paper"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.6000000238418579}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":3,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W102470974","https://openalex.org/W2164098806","https://openalex.org/W2403081842"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2183593636","https://openalex.org/W3114261385","https://openalex.org/W2917843404","https://openalex.org/W2473907094","https://openalex.org/W3084036048","https://openalex.org/W116351045","https://openalex.org/W1889898471","https://openalex.org/W2611159122","https://openalex.org/W1560466321","https://openalex.org/W2741500372"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,75],"multiple-pronunciation":[1],"lexicon":[2],"(MPL)":[3],"is":[4],"very":[5],"important":[6],"to":[7,49],"model":[8],"the":[9,17,26,30,35,39,64,69,82,87,99],"pronunciation":[10],"variations":[11],"for":[12],"spontaneous":[13,94],"speech":[14,95],"recognition.":[15],"But":[16],"introduction":[18],"of":[19,77],"MPL":[20,27,40,83],"brings":[21],"out":[22],"two":[23,58],"problems.":[24],"First,":[25],"will":[28],"increase":[29],"among-lexicon":[31],"confusion":[32],"and":[33,68,85,104],"degrade":[34],"recognizer's":[36],"performance.":[37,89],"Second,":[38],"needs":[41],"more":[42],"data":[43],"with":[44],"phonetic":[45],"transcription":[46,73],"so":[47],"as":[48,51,55],"cover":[50],"many":[52],"surface":[53],"forms":[54],"possible.":[56],"Accordingly,":[57],"solutions":[59],"are":[60,63,102],"proposed,":[61],"they":[62],"context-dependent":[65],"weighting":[66],"method":[67],"iterative":[70],"forced-alignment":[71],"based":[72],"method.":[74],"use":[76],"them":[78],"can":[79],"compensate":[80],"what":[81],"causes":[84],"improve":[86],"overall":[88],"Experiments":[90],"across":[91],"a":[92],"naturally":[93],"database":[96],"show":[97],"that":[98],"proposed":[100],"methods":[101],"effective":[103],"better":[105],"than":[106],"other":[107],"methods.":[108]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-14T23:27:15.235271","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}