{"id":"https://openalex.org/W55328212","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21437/icslp.2002-374","title":"Improving spoken language understanding using word confusion networks","display_name":"Improving spoken language understanding using word confusion networks","publication_year":2002,"publication_date":"2002-09-16","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W55328212","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21437/icslp.2002-374","mag":"55328212"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.21437/icslp.2002-374","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.21437/icslp.2002-374","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"7th International Conference on Spoken Language Processing (ICSLP 2002)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087941479","display_name":"G\u00f6khan T\u00fcr","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Gokhan Tur","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110171763","display_name":"Jerry Wright","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jerry Wright","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051646883","display_name":"Allen L. Gorin","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Allen Gorin","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062879885","display_name":"Giuseppe Riccardi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0739-8184"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Giuseppe Riccardi","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068709817","display_name":"Dilek Hakkani\u2010T\u00fcr","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dilek Hakkani-T\u00fcr","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5087941479"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":5.9661,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":66,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9624767,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12031","display_name":"Speech and dialogue systems","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12031","display_name":"Speech and dialogue systems","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.9983000159263611,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8193503618240356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/confusion","display_name":"Confusion","score":0.7150088548660278},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/word","display_name":"Word (group theory)","score":0.5406754016876221},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spoken-language","display_name":"Spoken language","score":0.5152550339698792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.4311034679412842},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linguistics","display_name":"Linguistics","score":0.36103713512420654},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-recognition","display_name":"Speech recognition","score":0.35589665174484253},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3449033498764038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.09486323595046997}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8193503618240356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781140086","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q557945","display_name":"Confusion","level":2,"score":0.7150088548660278},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90805587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10944557","display_name":"Word (group theory)","level":2,"score":0.5406754016876221},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776230583","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1322198","display_name":"Spoken language","level":2,"score":0.5152550339698792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.4311034679412842},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.36103713512420654},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.35589665174484253},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3449033498764038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.09486323595046997},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11171543","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41630","display_name":"Psychoanalysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.21437/icslp.2002-374","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.21437/icslp.2002-374","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"7th International Conference on Spoken Language Processing (ICSLP 2002)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.15.1184","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.15.1184","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.research.att.com/~gtur/pubs/ICSLP2002.pdf","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.7300000190734863,"display_name":"Quality Education","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":4,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1495272761","https://openalex.org/W1680913401","https://openalex.org/W2171144711","https://openalex.org/W2594610113"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4285488523","https://openalex.org/W2407837381","https://openalex.org/W2011367623","https://openalex.org/W2734065904","https://openalex.org/W2049289069","https://openalex.org/W2067843453","https://openalex.org/W4239320552","https://openalex.org/W2392692716","https://openalex.org/W2004845836","https://openalex.org/W2159086674"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"A":[0],"natural":[1,140],"language":[2,25],"spoken":[3,24],"dialog":[4,141],"system":[5,142],"includes":[6],"a":[7,23,32],"large":[8],"vocabulary":[9],"automatic":[10],"speech":[11],"recognition":[12,65,90],"(ASR)":[13],"engine,":[14],"whose":[15],"output":[16],"is":[17,39,58],"used":[18],"as":[19],"the":[20,36,45,49,113,126],"input":[21],"of":[22,70,88,93,112],"understanding":[26,92],"component.":[27],"Two":[28],"challenges":[29],"in":[30,52],"such":[31],"framework":[33],"are":[34],"that":[35],"ASR":[37,107,114],"component":[38],"far":[40],"from":[41,106],"being":[42],"perfect":[43],"and":[44,67,84,91],"users":[46],"can":[47],"say":[48],"same":[50],"thing":[51],"very":[53,59],"different":[54],"ways.":[55],"So,":[56],"it":[57],"important":[60],"to":[61,64],"be":[62],"tolerant":[63],"errors":[66],"some":[68],"amount":[69],"orthographic":[71],"variability.":[72],"In":[73],"this":[74,97],"paper,":[75],"we":[76,99,124],"present":[77],"our":[78],"work":[79],"on":[80],"developing":[81],"new":[82],"methods":[83],"investigating":[85],"various":[86],"ways":[87],"robust":[89],"an":[94,120],"utterance.":[95],"To":[96],"end,":[98],"exploit":[100],"word-level":[101],"confusion":[102],"networks":[103],"(sausages),":[104],"obtained":[105],"word":[108],"graphs":[109],"(lattices)":[110],"instead":[111],"1-best":[115],"hypothesis.":[116],"Using":[117],"sausages":[118],"with":[119],"improved":[121],"confidence":[122],"model,":[123],"decreased":[125],"calltype":[127],"classification":[128],"error":[129],"rate":[130],"for":[131],"AT&amp;amp;T&amp;apos;s":[132],"How":[133],"May":[134],"I":[135],"Help":[136],"You":[137],"(HMIHY":[138],")":[139],"by":[143],"38%.":[144]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
