{"id":"https://openalex.org/W204924188","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21437/icslp.2002-316","title":"Pitch accent prediction using ensemble machine learning","display_name":"Pitch accent prediction using ensemble machine learning","publication_year":2002,"publication_date":"2002-09-16","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W204924188","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21437/icslp.2002-316","mag":"204924188"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.21437/icslp.2002-316","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.21437/icslp.2002-316","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"7th International Conference on Spoken Language Processing (ICSLP 2002)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044683519","display_name":"Xuejing Sun","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I111979921","display_name":"Northwestern University","ror":"https://ror.org/000e0be47","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I111979921"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Xuejing Sun","raw_affiliation_strings":["Northwestern University****"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Northwestern University****","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111979921"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5044683519"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111979921"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.6002,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":91,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.89974493,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"953","last_page":"956"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11309","display_name":"Music and Audio Processing","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11309","display_name":"Music and Audio Processing","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10201","display_name":"Speech Recognition and Synthesis","score":0.9980999827384949,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10403","display_name":"Phonetics and Phonology Research","score":0.9962000250816345,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7338535785675049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ensemble-learning","display_name":"Ensemble learning","score":0.6269475817680359},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stress","display_name":"Stress (linguistics)","score":0.6235367059707642},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6058400273323059},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pitch-accent","display_name":"Pitch accent","score":0.6020892262458801},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-recognition","display_name":"Speech recognition","score":0.49112316966056824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.4551141858100891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.4058547914028168},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/prosody","display_name":"Prosody","score":0.05968290567398071}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7338535785675049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45942800","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q245652","display_name":"Ensemble learning","level":2,"score":0.6269475817680359},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776756274","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181767","display_name":"Stress (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.6235367059707642},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6058400273323059},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777672088","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1441804","display_name":"Pitch accent","level":3,"score":0.6020892262458801},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.49112316966056824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.4551141858100891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.4058547914028168},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C542774811","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10880526","display_name":"Prosody","level":2,"score":0.05968290567398071}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.21437/icslp.2002-316","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.21437/icslp.2002-316","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"7th International Conference on Spoken Language Processing (ICSLP 2002)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.18.2987","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.18.2987","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://mel.speech.nwu.edu/sunxj/publications/sun_ensemble_icslp02.ps","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","score":0.5600000023841858,"display_name":"Quality Education"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":9,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W6054942","https://openalex.org/W35180317","https://openalex.org/W1496929357","https://openalex.org/W1988790447","https://openalex.org/W2088965663","https://openalex.org/W2093476462","https://openalex.org/W2126289105","https://openalex.org/W2151251521","https://openalex.org/W2912934387"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2088008556","https://openalex.org/W4360877803","https://openalex.org/W2334135487","https://openalex.org/W4298046075","https://openalex.org/W4207066001","https://openalex.org/W2381837697","https://openalex.org/W2087397317","https://openalex.org/W4251666207","https://openalex.org/W2350046259","https://openalex.org/W2089671023"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"this":[1],"study,":[2],"we":[3],"applied":[4],"ensemble":[5,21,87],"machine":[6],"learning":[7,22],"to":[8,107],"predict":[9],"pitch":[10,55,61],"accents.":[11],"With":[12],"decision":[13],"tree":[14],"as":[15],"the":[16,73,95,100],"baseline":[17],"algorithm,":[18],"two":[19],"popular":[20],"methods,":[23],"bagging":[24],"and":[25,44,68],"boosting,":[26],"were":[27],"evaluated":[28],"across":[29],"different":[30],"experiment":[31],"conditions:":[32],"using":[33,37,41],"acoustic":[34,43,49],"features":[35,39,50],"only,":[36],"text-based":[38,45],"only;":[40],"both":[42],"features.":[46],"F0":[47],"related":[48],"are":[51,70],"derived":[52],"from":[53,105],"underlying":[54],"targets.":[56],"Models":[57],"of":[58],"four":[59],"ToBI":[60],"accent":[62],"types":[63],"(High,":[64],"Down-stepped":[65],"high,":[66],"Low,":[67],"Unaccented)":[69],"built":[71],"at":[72],"syllable":[74],"level.":[75],"Results":[76],"showed":[77],"that":[78],"in":[79,94,98],"all":[80],"experiments":[81],"improved":[82],"performance":[83],"was":[84,92],"achieved":[85],"by":[86],"learning.":[88],"The":[89],"best":[90],"result":[91],"obtained":[93],"third":[96],"task,":[97],"which":[99],"overall":[101],"correct":[102],"rate":[103],"increases":[104],"84.26%":[106],"87.17%.":[108]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}