{"id":"https://openalex.org/W108310356","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21437/icslp.2002-105","title":"Modeling tones in continuous Cantonese speech","display_name":"Modeling tones in continuous Cantonese speech","publication_year":2002,"publication_date":"2002-09-16","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W108310356","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21437/icslp.2002-105","mag":"108310356"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.21437/icslp.2002-105","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.21437/icslp.2002-105","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"7th International Conference on Spoken Language Processing (ICSLP 2002)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:fc6d8ab1-4301-4bc8-99f0-803031cf1801","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001795601","display_name":"Tan Lee","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7089-3436"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I177725633","display_name":"Chinese University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/00t33hh48","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177725633"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Tan Lee","raw_affiliation_strings":["Chinese University of Hong Kong"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chinese University of Hong Kong","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177725633"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109484591","display_name":"Greg Kochanski","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1322087612","display_name":"Alcatel Lucent (Germany)","ror":"https://ror.org/00c5mwp75","country_code":"DE","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1322087612"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Greg Kochanski","raw_affiliation_strings":["Lucent"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Lucent","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1322087612"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111404129","display_name":"Chilin Shih","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1322087612","display_name":"Alcatel Lucent (Germany)","ror":"https://ror.org/00c5mwp75","country_code":"DE","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1322087612"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chilin Shih","raw_affiliation_strings":["Lucent"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Lucent","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1322087612"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100680672","display_name":"Yujia Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1024-9243"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I177725633","display_name":"Chinese University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/00t33hh48","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177725633"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yujia Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Chinese University of Hong Kong"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chinese University of Hong Kong","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177725633"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5001795601"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177725633"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.5578,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":19,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.8965229,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"2401","last_page":"2404"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10201","display_name":"Speech Recognition and Synthesis","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10201","display_name":"Speech Recognition and Synthesis","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10403","display_name":"Phonetics and Phonology Research","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.9972000122070312,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intonation","display_name":"Intonation (linguistics)","score":0.7626972198486328},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phrase","display_name":"Phrase","score":0.7569489479064941},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6785397529602051},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-recognition","display_name":"Speech recognition","score":0.6148751378059387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tone","display_name":"Tone (literature)","score":0.5961257219314575},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sentence","display_name":"Sentence","score":0.5855381488800049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.5505537986755371},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.5214675664901733},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key","display_name":"Key (lock)","score":0.45420074462890625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-synthesis","display_name":"Speech synthesis","score":0.42882615327835083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.42370370030403137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linguistics","display_name":"Linguistics","score":0.3386702537536621}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781045179","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5576720","display_name":"Intonation (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.7626972198486328},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776224158","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q187931","display_name":"Phrase","level":2,"score":0.7569489479064941},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6785397529602051},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.6148751378059387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780583480","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1366327","display_name":"Tone (literature)","level":2,"score":0.5961257219314575},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777530160","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41796","display_name":"Sentence","level":2,"score":0.5855381488800049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.5505537986755371},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.5214675664901733},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.45420074462890625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14999030","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16346","display_name":"Speech synthesis","level":2,"score":0.42882615327835083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.42370370030403137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.3386702537536621},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.21437/icslp.2002-105","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.21437/icslp.2002-105","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"7th International Conference on Spoken Language Processing (ICSLP 2002)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:uuid:fc6d8ab1-4301-4bc8-99f0-803031cf1801","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://www.isca-speech.org/archive/index.html","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402636","display_name":"Oxford University Research Archive (ORA) (University of Oxford)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I40120149","host_organization_name":"University of Oxford","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Article: post-print"},{"id":"pmh:oai:ora.ox.ac.uk:uuid:fc6d8ab1-4301-4bc8-99f0-803031cf1801","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":"https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:fc6d8ab1-4301-4bc8-99f0-803031cf1801","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402636","display_name":"Oxford University Research Archive (ORA) (University of Oxford)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I40120149","host_organization_name":"University of Oxford","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Journal article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.16.4515","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.16.4515","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://prosody.multimedia.bell-labs.com/papers/stemml-cantonese.pdf","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:ora.ox.ac.uk:uuid:fc6d8ab1-4301-4bc8-99f0-803031cf1801","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":"https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:fc6d8ab1-4301-4bc8-99f0-803031cf1801","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402636","display_name":"Oxford University Research Archive (ORA) (University of Oxford)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I40120149","host_organization_name":"University of Oxford","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Journal article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Quality Education","score":0.7300000190734863,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W108310356.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":8,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W80025323","https://openalex.org/W124159830","https://openalex.org/W177057551","https://openalex.org/W1568641895","https://openalex.org/W1922150872","https://openalex.org/W2048804461","https://openalex.org/W2151441687","https://openalex.org/W2162304437"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3209832466","https://openalex.org/W2506705588","https://openalex.org/W1010135382","https://openalex.org/W83991906","https://openalex.org/W2278987201","https://openalex.org/W2090139579","https://openalex.org/W2374593979","https://openalex.org/W4390911379","https://openalex.org/W2169450048","https://openalex.org/W187317481"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Cantonese":[0,18,95],"is":[1,48,72],"a":[2,7,23,99,109,112,117],"major":[3],"Chinese":[4],"dialect":[5],"with":[6,64],"complicated":[8],"tone":[9],"system.":[10],"This":[11],"research":[12],"focuses":[13],"on":[14,42],"quantitative":[15,27],"modeling":[16,29],"of":[17,34,52,90,108],"tones.":[19],"It":[20],"uses":[21],"Stem-ML,":[22],"language-independent":[24],"framework":[25],"for":[26],"intonation":[28],"and":[30,40],"generation.":[31],"A":[32],"set":[33],"F0":[35],"prediction":[36,46],"models":[37],"are":[38,60,130,138],"built,":[39],"trained":[41],"acoustic":[43],"data.":[44],"The":[45,55],"error":[47],"about":[49],"11":[50],"Hz":[51],"1":[53],"semitone.":[54],"resulting":[56],"optimal":[57],"model":[58,77],"parameters":[59],"analyzed":[61],"in":[62],"accordance":[63],"linguistic":[65],"knowledge.":[66],"Key":[67],"observations":[68],"include:":[69],"(1)":[70],"There":[71],"no":[73],"obvious":[74],"advantage":[75],"to":[76,97,115],"the":[78,91,124],"entering":[79],"tones":[80],"separately.":[81],"They":[82],"can":[83],"be":[84],"considered":[85],"as":[86],"simply":[87],"truncated":[88],"versions":[89],"non-entering":[92],"tones;":[93],"(2)":[94],"appears":[96],"have":[98,116],"declining":[100],"phrase":[101,110],"intonation;":[102],"(3)":[103],"Tones":[104],"at":[105,123],"initial":[106],"positions":[107],"or":[111],"sentence":[113],"tend":[114],"greater":[118],"prosodic":[119],"strength":[120],"than":[121,132,140],"those":[122],"final":[125],"positions;":[126],"(4)":[127],"Content":[128],"words":[129,137],"stronger":[131,139],"function":[133],"words;":[134],"(5)":[135],"Long":[136],"short":[141],"words.":[142]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-05T17:49:38.594831","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
