{"id":"https://openalex.org/W114759574","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21437/icslp.2000-684","title":"Directed graphical models of classifier combination: application to phone recognition","display_name":"Directed graphical models of classifier combination: application to phone recognition","publication_year":2000,"publication_date":"2000-10-16","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W114759574","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21437/icslp.2000-684","mag":"114759574"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.21437/icslp.2000-684","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.21437/icslp.2000-684","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"6th International Conference on Spoken Language Processing (ICSLP 2000)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113478221","display_name":"Jeff Bilmes","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201448701","display_name":"University of Washington","ror":"https://ror.org/00cvxb145","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jeff A. Bilmes","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Washington"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Washington","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050325468","display_name":"Katrin Kirchhoff","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6645-6030"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201448701","display_name":"University of Washington","ror":"https://ror.org/00cvxb145","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Katrin Kirchhoff","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Washington"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Washington","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5113478221"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.6523,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":17,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9008937,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"vol. 3, 921","last_page":"0"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11303","display_name":"Bayesian Modeling and Causal Inference","score":0.9911999702453613,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11303","display_name":"Bayesian Modeling and Causal Inference","score":0.9911999702453613,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11106","display_name":"Data Management and Algorithms","score":0.9674999713897705,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11550","display_name":"Text and Document Classification Technologies","score":0.9648000001907349,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/classifier","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","score":0.7725448608398438},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7475230693817139},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phone","display_name":"Phone","score":0.57237708568573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/timit","display_name":"TIMIT","score":0.5616520047187805},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5252451300621033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.4957641065120697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/graphical-model","display_name":"Graphical model","score":0.4374714493751526},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.37316861748695374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hidden-markov-model","display_name":"Hidden Markov model","score":0.25552085041999817}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95623464","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1096149","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","level":2,"score":0.7725448608398438},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7475230693817139},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778707766","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q202064","display_name":"Phone","level":2,"score":0.57237708568573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778724510","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7670405","display_name":"TIMIT","level":3,"score":0.5616520047187805},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5252451300621033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.4957641065120697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155846161","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1143367","display_name":"Graphical model","level":2,"score":0.4374714493751526},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.37316861748695374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23224414","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176769","display_name":"Hidden Markov model","level":2,"score":0.25552085041999817},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.21437/icslp.2000-684","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.21437/icslp.2000-684","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"6th International Conference on Spoken Language Processing (ICSLP 2000)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.27.607","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.27.607","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://ssli.ee.washington.edu/people/bilmes/mypapers/icslp2000a.ps.gz","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.65.3202","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.65.3202","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://ssli.ee.washington.edu/people/bilmes/mypapers/icslp2000a.pdf","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":27,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W136625504","https://openalex.org/W166951565","https://openalex.org/W206778388","https://openalex.org/W1486979847","https://openalex.org/W1494598192","https://openalex.org/W1554663460","https://openalex.org/W1559678887","https://openalex.org/W1562289873","https://openalex.org/W1817561967","https://openalex.org/W1904457459","https://openalex.org/W1922557984","https://openalex.org/W1966280301","https://openalex.org/W2025653905","https://openalex.org/W2095539364","https://openalex.org/W2097491464","https://openalex.org/W2099111195","https://openalex.org/W2101782549","https://openalex.org/W2102734279","https://openalex.org/W2116064496","https://openalex.org/W2118952425","https://openalex.org/W2128073546","https://openalex.org/W2130416704","https://openalex.org/W2158275940","https://openalex.org/W2159080219","https://openalex.org/W2167715705","https://openalex.org/W2171265988","https://openalex.org/W2611210475"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W80423236","https://openalex.org/W3164669818","https://openalex.org/W1573546415","https://openalex.org/W2906993205","https://openalex.org/W2071572975","https://openalex.org/W2619993508","https://openalex.org/W2109986081","https://openalex.org/W2808291730","https://openalex.org/W2154037907","https://openalex.org/W2038050265"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Classifier":[0,120],"combination":[1,23,39,54,76,121],"is":[2,91],"a":[3],"technique":[4],"that":[5,16,51,58],"often":[6,92],"provides":[7],"appreciable":[8],"accuracy":[9,66,90],"gains.":[10],"In":[11],"this":[12],"paper,":[13],"we":[14,33],"argue":[15],"the":[17,41,69,88,97],"underlying":[18],"statistical":[19],"model":[20],"of":[21,36,96],"classifier":[22],"should":[24],"be":[25,136],"made":[26],"explicit.":[27],"Using":[28],"directed":[29],"graphical":[30],"models":[31],"(DGMs),":[32],"provide":[34],"representations":[35],"two":[37],"common":[38],"schemes,":[40],"mean":[42],"and":[43,112],"product":[44],"rules.":[45,55],"We":[46,56],"also":[47],"introduce":[48],"new":[49,60],"DGMs":[50],"yield":[52],"novel":[53],"find":[57],"these":[59],"DGM-inspired":[61],"rules":[62],"can":[63,122,135],"achieve":[64],"significant":[65],"gains":[67],"on":[68],"TIMIT":[70],"phone-classification":[71],"task":[72],"relative":[73],"to":[74,128],"existing":[75],"schemes.":[77],"1.":[78],"INTRODUCTION":[79],"When":[80],"multiple":[81],"independently":[82],"trained":[83],"pattern":[84,114],"classifiers":[85],"are":[86],"combined,":[87],"resulting":[89],"better":[93],"than":[94],"any":[95],"individual":[98],"classifiers.":[99],"This":[100],"has":[101],"been":[102],"demonstrated":[103],"for":[104,113],"automatic":[105],"speech":[106],"recognition":[107],"(ASR)":[108],"[7,":[109],"10,":[110],"18]":[111],"classification":[115],"[12,":[116],"13,":[117],"20,":[118],"29].":[119],"fuse":[123],"together":[124],"different":[125],"information":[126],"sources":[127,134],"utilize":[129],"their":[130],"complementary":[131],"information.":[132],"The":[133],"multi-modal,":[137],"such...":[138]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
