{"id":"https://openalex.org/W55612967","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21437/icslp.1998-657","title":"The demiphone versus the triphone in a decision-tree state-tying framework","display_name":"The demiphone versus the triphone in a decision-tree state-tying framework","publication_year":1998,"publication_date":"1998-11-30","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W55612967","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21437/icslp.1998-657","mag":"55612967"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.21437/icslp.1998-657","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.21437/icslp.1998-657","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"5th International Conference on Spoken Language Processing (ICSLP 1998)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063420793","display_name":"Jos\u00e9 Bernardo Mari\u00f1o Acebal","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9471-8675"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9617848","display_name":"Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Catalunya","ror":"https://ror.org/03mb6wj31","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9617848"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jos\u00e9 B. Mari\u00f1o","raw_affiliation_strings":["Polytechnic University of Catalonia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Polytechnic University of Catalonia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9617848"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004620975","display_name":"Pau Pach\u00e8s-Leal","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pau Paches-Leal","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030036564","display_name":"Albino Nogueiras Rodr\u00edguez","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3159-1718"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Albino Nogueiras","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.9829,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":9,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.71055148,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"paper 0250","last_page":"0"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10201","display_name":"Speech Recognition and Synthesis","score":0.9914000034332275,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10201","display_name":"Speech Recognition and Synthesis","score":0.9914000034332275,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10860","display_name":"Speech and Audio Processing","score":0.975600004196167,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/coarticulation","display_name":"Coarticulation","score":0.8069789409637451},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7888966798782349},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-recognition","display_name":"Speech recognition","score":0.7494671940803528},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hidden-markov-model","display_name":"Hidden Markov model","score":0.6898345351219177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/decision-tree","display_name":"Decision tree","score":0.5931212306022644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/context","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","score":0.5878167152404785},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pipeline","display_name":"Pipeline (software)","score":0.5305652618408203},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/task","display_name":"Task (project management)","score":0.5006093978881836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cluster-analysis","display_name":"Cluster analysis","score":0.4891844093799591},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4468546509742737},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.4239966571331024},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/state","display_name":"State (computer science)","score":0.4229198098182678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.07397076487541199}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C130727458","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1639109","display_name":"Coarticulation","level":3,"score":0.8069789409637451},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7888966798782349},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.7494671940803528},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23224414","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176769","display_name":"Hidden Markov model","level":2,"score":0.6898345351219177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84525736","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q831366","display_name":"Decision tree","level":2,"score":0.5931212306022644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.5878167152404785},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43521106","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2165493","display_name":"Pipeline (software)","level":2,"score":0.5305652618408203},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.5006093978881836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73555534","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q622825","display_name":"Cluster analysis","level":2,"score":0.4891844093799591},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4468546509742737},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.4239966571331024},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48103436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q599031","display_name":"State (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.4229198098182678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.07397076487541199},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779581591","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36244","display_name":"Vowel","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187736073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920921","display_name":"Management","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.21437/icslp.1998-657","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.21437/icslp.1998-657","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"5th International Conference on Spoken Language Processing (ICSLP 1998)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.56.248","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.56.248","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://gps-tsc.upc.es/veu/pub/Mar98.ps.gz","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","score":0.7300000190734863,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":6,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1543659151","https://openalex.org/W1762672039","https://openalex.org/W1887737739","https://openalex.org/W2130806807","https://openalex.org/W2172199766","https://openalex.org/W2605325951"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2990278625","https://openalex.org/W1993499045","https://openalex.org/W1604595447","https://openalex.org/W4200613756","https://openalex.org/W2983489261","https://openalex.org/W2988239832","https://openalex.org/W2075885261","https://openalex.org/W2174601236","https://openalex.org/W3036714870","https://openalex.org/W2567540399"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,47,68,101],"performances":[1],"of":[2,19,35,95,128],"the":[3,13,16,23,40,53,64,106,109,118,126,129],"demiphone":[4,107,130],"(a":[5],"context":[6],"dependent":[7],"subword":[8],"unit":[9],"that":[10,105],"models":[11],"independently":[12],"left":[14],"and":[15,22,73,89,93,99,112,141],"right":[17],"parts":[18],"a":[20,114,137,142],"phoneme)":[21],"triphone":[24],"are":[25,79],"compared.":[26],"Continuous":[27],"density":[28],"hidden":[29],"Markov":[30],"modeling":[31,140],"for":[32],"both":[33],"types":[34],"units":[36],"is":[37,50,71,104],"tested":[38],"with":[39],"HTK":[41],"software":[42],"using":[43],"decision-tree":[44],"state":[45],"clustering.":[46],"speech":[48,60],"material":[49],"taken":[51],"from":[52],"SpeechDat":[54],"Spanish":[55,96],"database,":[56],"composed":[57],"by":[58,125],"continuous":[59],"utterances":[61],"recorded":[62],"through":[63],"public":[65],"telephone":[66],"network.":[67],"training":[69],"corpus":[70],"speaker":[72,85],"task":[74],"independent.":[75],"Two":[76],"testing":[77],"sets":[78],"tried:":[80],"isolated":[81],"words":[82],"corresponding":[83],"to":[84,131],"names,":[86],"city":[87],"names":[88],"phonetically":[90],"rich":[91],"words;":[92],"numbers":[94],"identification":[97],"cards":[98],"dates.":[100],"main":[102],"conclusion":[103],"simplifies":[108],"recognition":[110],"system":[111],"yields":[113],"better":[115],"performance":[116],"than":[117],"triphone.":[119],"This":[120],"result":[121],"may":[122],"be":[123],"explained":[124],"ability":[127],"provide":[132],"an":[133],"excellent":[134],"tradeoff":[135],"between":[136],"detailed":[138],"coarticulation":[139],"proper":[143],"parameter":[144],"estimation.":[145],"1.":[146],"INTRODUCTION":[147],"Ac...":[148]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-08-08T01:25:22.217667","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
