{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4298418758","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21437/icslp.1998-248","title":"A comparative evaluation of variance flooring techniques in HMM-based speaker verification","display_name":"A comparative evaluation of variance flooring techniques in HMM-based speaker verification","publication_year":1998,"publication_date":"1998-11-30","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4298418758","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21437/icslp.1998-248"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.21437/icslp.1998-248","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.21437/icslp.1998-248","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"5th International Conference on Spoken Language Processing (ICSLP 1998)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040965970","display_name":"Haakan Melin","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Haakan Melin","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014097406","display_name":"Johan W. Koolwaaij","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Johan W. Koolwaaij","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031466516","display_name":"Johan Lindberg","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3610-6774"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Johan Lindberg","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111908492","display_name":"Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric Bimbot","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric Bimbot","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5040965970"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":10,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.38891087,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"paper 0467","last_page":"0"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10201","display_name":"Speech Recognition and Synthesis","score":0.9901999831199646,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10201","display_name":"Speech Recognition and Synthesis","score":0.9901999831199646,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10860","display_name":"Speech and Audio Processing","score":0.9667999744415283,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hidden-markov-model","display_name":"Hidden Markov model","score":0.8333480358123779},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speaker-verification","display_name":"Speaker verification","score":0.7415205240249634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7032484412193298},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-recognition","display_name":"Speech recognition","score":0.6702942848205566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/variance","display_name":"Variance (accounting)","score":0.5656862854957581},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.397609680891037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speaker-recognition","display_name":"Speaker recognition","score":0.38750946521759033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.3518221974372864}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23224414","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176769","display_name":"Hidden Markov model","level":2,"score":0.8333480358123779},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2982762665","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1145189","display_name":"Speaker verification","level":3,"score":0.7415205240249634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7032484412193298},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.6702942848205566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C196083921","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7915758","display_name":"Variance (accounting)","level":2,"score":0.5656862854957581},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.397609680891037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133892786","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1145189","display_name":"Speaker recognition","level":2,"score":0.38750946521759033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.3518221974372864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121955636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4116214","display_name":"Accounting","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.21437/icslp.1998-248","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.21437/icslp.1998-248","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"5th International Conference on Spoken Language Processing (ICSLP 1998)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.32.5912","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.32.5912","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://web.speech.kth.se/~melin/papers/icslp98_var.ps","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2136763963","https://openalex.org/W2372178361","https://openalex.org/W2109705048","https://openalex.org/W2940588515","https://openalex.org/W1909151225","https://openalex.org/W1987783679","https://openalex.org/W2160030256","https://openalex.org/W1521297879","https://openalex.org/W1516392727","https://openalex.org/W2140022733"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"problem":[1,123],"of":[2,16,24,46,132,137],"how":[3],"to":[4,32,42,52,83,143],"train":[5],"variance":[6,25,44,55,84],"parameters":[7,136],"on":[8,93],"scarce":[9],"data":[10,119,128],"is":[11,27,50,63,87,129],"addressed":[12],"in":[13,57,112],"the":[14,36,40,53,68,74,130,138,144],"context":[15],"text-dependent,":[17],"HMM-based,":[18],"automatic":[19],"speaker":[20],"verification.":[21],"Three":[22],"variations":[23],"flooring":[26,85],"explored":[28],"as":[29],"a":[30,43,47,58],"means":[31,69],"prevent":[33],"over-fitting.":[34],"With":[35],"best":[37],"performing":[38],"one,":[39],"floor":[41],"vector":[45,56],"client":[48,117,139],"model":[49,76,140],"proportional":[51],"corresponding":[54],"non-client":[59,75],"multi-speaker":[60],"model.":[61],"It":[62],"also":[64],"found":[65],"that":[66,134],"adapting":[67],"and":[70,86],"mixture":[71],"weights":[72],"from":[73],"while":[77],"keeping":[78],"variances":[79],"constant":[80],"works":[81],"comparably":[82],"much":[88],"simpler.":[89],"Comparisons":[90],"are":[91,109,120,141],"made":[92],"three":[94],"large":[95],"telephone":[96],"quality":[97],"corpora.":[98],"1.":[99],"INTRODUCTION":[100],"In":[101],"practical":[102],"applications,":[103],"Automatic":[104],"Speaker":[105],"Verification":[106],"(ASV)":[107],"systems":[108],"generally":[110],"used":[111],"contexts":[113],"where":[114],"very":[115],"few":[116],"enrollment":[118],"available.":[121],"One":[122],"with":[124],"using":[125],"small":[126],"training":[127,146],"risk":[131],"over-training,":[133],"is,":[135],"over-fitted":[142],"particular":[145],"data.":[147],"Especially":[148],"var...":[149]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
