{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2952238071","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21437/icslp.1996-260","title":"Towards understanding spontaneous speech: word accuracy vs. concept accuracy","display_name":"Towards understanding spontaneous speech: word accuracy vs. concept accuracy","publication_year":1996,"publication_date":"1996-10-03","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2952238071","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21437/icslp.1996-260","mag":"2952238071"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.21437/icslp.1996-260","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.21437/icslp.1996-260","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363607739","display_name":"4th International Conference on Spoken Language Processing (ICSLP 1996)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"4th International Conference on Spoken Language Processing (ICSLP 1996)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053461473","display_name":"Manuela Boros","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"M. Boros","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057226104","display_name":"Wieland Eckert","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"W. Eckert","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008737867","display_name":"Florian Gallwitz","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1359-8633"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Florian Gallwitz","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080562151","display_name":"G\u00fcnther G\u00f6rz","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"G\u00fcnther G\u00f6rz","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073801356","display_name":"Gerhard Hanrieder","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"G. Hanrieder","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103693879","display_name":"Heinrich Niemann","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I181369854","display_name":"Friedrich-Alexander-Universit\u00e4t Erlangen-N\u00fcrnberg","ror":"https://ror.org/00f7hpc57","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I181369854"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Heinrich Niemann","raw_affiliation_strings":["Bavarian Research Center for Knowledge-Based Systems & Department of Pattern Recognition, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Bavarian Research Center for Knowledge-Based Systems & Department of Pattern Recognition, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181369854"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5053461473"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":10.3507,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":69,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98521647,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1009","last_page":"1012"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12031","display_name":"Speech and dialogue systems","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12031","display_name":"Speech and dialogue systems","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.9922000169754028,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10201","display_name":"Speech Recognition and Synthesis","score":0.9858999848365784,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.814724862575531},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/judgement","display_name":"Judgement","score":0.7150999903678894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-recognition","display_name":"Speech recognition","score":0.7137485146522522},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.6484283208847046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/word","display_name":"Word (group theory)","score":0.6432991027832031},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5576545000076294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linguistics","display_name":"Linguistics","score":0.13069668412208557}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.814724862575531},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776548248","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12621536","display_name":"Judgement","level":2,"score":0.7150999903678894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.7137485146522522},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.6484283208847046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90805587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10944557","display_name":"Word (group theory)","level":2,"score":0.6432991027832031},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5576545000076294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.13069668412208557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.21437/icslp.1996-260","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.21437/icslp.1996-260","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363607739","display_name":"4th International Conference on Spoken Language Processing (ICSLP 1996)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"4th International Conference on Spoken Language Processing (ICSLP 1996)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":7,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2208146","https://openalex.org/W75924252","https://openalex.org/W1514785676","https://openalex.org/W1592422082","https://openalex.org/W2087165009","https://openalex.org/W2109793873","https://openalex.org/W2131236822"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2886802431","https://openalex.org/W4388216822","https://openalex.org/W1761762290","https://openalex.org/W4391191813","https://openalex.org/W4387575966","https://openalex.org/W2384262901","https://openalex.org/W2975214487","https://openalex.org/W651304006","https://openalex.org/W3204019825","https://openalex.org/W2296205523"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"this":[1],"paper":[2],"we":[3],"describe":[4],"an":[5],"approach":[6],"to":[7],"automatic":[8],"evaluation":[9,57],"of":[10,18],"both":[11],"the":[12],"speech":[13,62],"recognition":[14,33],"and":[15,34,77],"understanding":[16,38],"capabilities":[17],"a":[19,51,60,70],"spoken":[20],"dialogue":[21],"system":[22],"for":[23,32,37,59],"train":[24],"time":[25],"table":[26],"information.":[27],"We":[28,55,68],"use":[29],"word":[30,75],"accuracy":[31,36,76],"concept":[35,78],"performance":[39],"judgement.":[40],"Both":[41],"measures":[42],"are":[43],"calculated":[44],"by":[45],"comparing":[46],"these":[47],"modules'":[48],"output":[49],"with":[50,64],"correct":[52],"reference":[53],"answer.":[54],"report":[56],"results":[58],"spontaneous":[61],"corpus":[63],"about":[65],"10000":[66],"utterances.":[67],"observed":[69],"nearly":[71],"linear":[72],"relationship":[73],"between":[74],"accuracy.":[79]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}