{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1495849443","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21437/icslp.1994-555","title":"Comparison of three approaches to phonetic string generation for large vocabulary speech recognition","display_name":"Comparison of three approaches to phonetic string generation for large vocabulary speech recognition","publication_year":1994,"publication_date":"1994-09-18","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1495849443","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21437/icslp.1994-555","mag":"1495849443"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.21437/icslp.1994-555","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.21437/icslp.1994-555","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"3rd International Conference on Spoken Language Processing (ICSLP 1994)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078597967","display_name":"Javier Mac\u00edas-Guarasa","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3303-3963"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Javier Macias-Guarasa","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022762422","display_name":"Manuel A. Leandro","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Manuel A. Leandro","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103475399","display_name":"Xavier Men\u00e9ndez-Pidal","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7750-7462"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xavier Menendez-Pidal","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103699643","display_name":"Jos\u00e9 Col\u00e1s","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jose Colas","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055871365","display_name":"A. Gallardo","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ascension Gallardo","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102890452","display_name":"Jos\u00e9 Manuel Pardo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1009-590X"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jose M. Pardo","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109012103","display_name":"Santiago Aguilera","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Santiago Aguilera","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5078597967"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.06757282,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"2211","last_page":"2214"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11309","display_name":"Music and Audio Processing","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11309","display_name":"Music and Audio Processing","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10201","display_name":"Speech Recognition and Synthesis","score":0.9983999729156494,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12205","display_name":"Time Series Analysis and Forecasting","score":0.9972000122070312,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7799109220504761},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-recognition","display_name":"Speech recognition","score":0.6812272667884827},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vocabulary","display_name":"Vocabulary","score":0.6533835530281067},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/string","display_name":"String (physics)","score":0.6524500846862793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.5521751642227173},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4531231224536896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linguistics","display_name":"Linguistics","score":0.3416176736354828},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.10478579998016357}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7799109220504761},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.6812272667884827},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777601683","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6499736","display_name":"Vocabulary","level":2,"score":0.6533835530281067},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157486923","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1376436","display_name":"String (physics)","level":2,"score":0.6524500846862793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.5521751642227173},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4531231224536896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.3416176736354828},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.10478579998016357},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37914503","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q156495","display_name":"Mathematical physics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.21437/icslp.1994-555","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.21437/icslp.1994-555","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"3rd International Conference on Spoken Language Processing (ICSLP 1994)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.32.7556","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.32.7556","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www-gth.die.upm.es/~macias/doc/pubs/icslp94/icslp-1.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.76.9491","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.76.9491","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www-gth.die.upm.es/research/documentation/AI-28Com-94.pdf","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Quality Education","score":0.6100000143051147,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":8,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W52927735","https://openalex.org/W141516003","https://openalex.org/W166457432","https://openalex.org/W206230454","https://openalex.org/W1670667274","https://openalex.org/W1932968309","https://openalex.org/W2118521812","https://openalex.org/W2155368638"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2349784553","https://openalex.org/W3022596247","https://openalex.org/W2601444686","https://openalex.org/W4307058054","https://openalex.org/W4292238148","https://openalex.org/W4323660495","https://openalex.org/W2385319785","https://openalex.org/W2900827440","https://openalex.org/W3167549738","https://openalex.org/W2381983017"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0],"are":[1,51,113],"building":[2],"a":[3,12,24,124],"large":[4,132],"vocabulary,":[5],"isolated":[6],"word":[7],"preselection":[8],"system":[9],"according":[10],"to":[11,98,117],"bottom-up":[13],"design":[14],"strategy.":[15],"It":[16],"will":[17,72,88],"be":[18],"used":[19],"in":[20,77,96,130,138],"the":[21,47,91,94,100,106,119,139,147],"development":[22],"of":[23,33,79,93,122],"dictation":[25],"machine":[26],"for":[27,127],"Spanish":[28],"and":[29,43,66,84,87],"it":[30],"is":[31],"composed":[32],"three":[34,53,75],"main":[35],"modules:":[36],"feature":[37],"extraction,":[38],"phonetic":[39],"string":[40],"build":[41],"up":[42],"lexical":[44],"access.":[45],"In":[46],"second":[48],"one,":[49],"we":[50,112],"considering":[52],"different":[54],"technological":[55],"approaches":[56],"based":[57,137],"on":[58,105],"static":[59],"modeling":[60],"(SM),":[61],"Hidden":[62],"Markov":[63],"Models":[64],"(HMM)":[65],"Neural":[67],"Networks":[68],"(NN).":[69],"This":[70],"paper":[71],"compare":[73],"these":[74],"alternatives":[76],"terms":[78],"recognition":[80,135],"performance,":[81],"training":[82],"complexity":[83],"computational":[85],"load,":[86],"conclude":[89],"with":[90],"results":[92],"comparison":[95],"order":[97],"adopt":[99],"most":[101],"suitable":[102],"approach":[103],"depending":[104],"task.":[107],"I.":[108],"INTRODUCTION":[109],"The":[110,142],"study":[111],"presenting":[114],"was":[115],"done":[116],"help":[118],"decision":[120],"process":[121],"adopting":[123],"certain":[125],"technology":[126],"future":[128],"developments":[129],"very":[131],"vocabulary":[133],"speech":[134],"systems":[136],"hypothesisverification":[140],"paradigm.":[141],"stage":[143],"analyzed":[144],"here":[145],"constitutes":[146],"first":[148],"step":[149],"(hypoth...":[150]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}