{"id":"https://openalex.org/W128039334","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21437/icslp.1992-75","title":"Language modelling for recognition and understanding using layered bigrams","display_name":"Language modelling for recognition and understanding using layered bigrams","publication_year":1992,"publication_date":"1992-10-13","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W128039334","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21437/icslp.1992-75","mag":"128039334"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.21437/icslp.1992-75","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.21437/icslp.1992-75","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2nd International Conference on Spoken Language Processing (ICSLP 1992)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068777363","display_name":"Stephanie Seneff","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8191-1049"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Stephanie Seneff","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102225156","display_name":"Helen Meng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4427-3532"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Helen Meng","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109575396","display_name":"Victor W. Zue","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Victor Zue","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.02541263,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"317","last_page":"320"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12031","display_name":"Speech and dialogue systems","score":0.2506999969482422,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12031","display_name":"Speech and dialogue systems","score":0.2506999969482422,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bigram","display_name":"Bigram","score":0.9656181335449219},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8367812633514404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.750062882900238},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5971291661262512},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/language-model","display_name":"Language model","score":0.4661950170993805},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/trigram","display_name":"Trigram","score":0.08893027901649475}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108757681","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2773912","display_name":"Bigram","level":3,"score":0.9656181335449219},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8367812633514404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.750062882900238},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5971291661262512},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137293760","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3621696","display_name":"Language model","level":2,"score":0.4661950170993805},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137546455","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3213474","display_name":"Trigram","level":2,"score":0.08893027901649475}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.21437/icslp.1992-75","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.21437/icslp.1992-75","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2nd International Conference on Spoken Language Processing (ICSLP 1992)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"mag:128039334","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://www.informatik.uni-trier.de/~ley/db/conf/interspeech/icslp1992.html","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S200945739","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Speech and Language Processing","issn_l":"1550-4875","issn":["1550-4875","1550-4883"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Speech and Language Processing","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Quality Education","score":0.4300000071525574,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2396351328","https://openalex.org/W2183463188","https://openalex.org/W2994657432","https://openalex.org/W3015481323","https://openalex.org/W2513614199","https://openalex.org/W1595372770","https://openalex.org/W137263053","https://openalex.org/W1988829575","https://openalex.org/W1993536973","https://openalex.org/W335758531","https://openalex.org/W2046530976","https://openalex.org/W1869868005","https://openalex.org/W3158719911","https://openalex.org/W55451629","https://openalex.org/W2112568944"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T14:22:42.915294","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
