{"id":"https://openalex.org/W134238202","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21437/icslp.1992-74","title":"Empirical properties of finite state approximations for phrase structure grammars","display_name":"Empirical properties of finite state approximations for phrase structure grammars","publication_year":1992,"publication_date":"1992-10-13","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W134238202","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21437/icslp.1992-74","mag":"134238202"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.21437/icslp.1992-74","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.21437/icslp.1992-74","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2nd International Conference on Spoken Language Processing (ICSLP 1992)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044708805","display_name":"Fernando Pereira","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6100-947X"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fernando Pereira","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000444313","display_name":"David Roe","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6197-0989"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"David Roe","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.02698454,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"261","last_page":"264"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.9936000108718872,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.9936000108718872,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12031","display_name":"Speech and dialogue systems","score":0.9343000054359436,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rule-based-machine-translation","display_name":"Rule-based machine translation","score":0.709938645362854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/finite-state","display_name":"Finite state","score":0.6983354687690735},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.66096031665802},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phrase","display_name":"Phrase","score":0.582407534122467},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phrase-structure-grammar","display_name":"Phrase structure grammar","score":0.5368326902389526},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.47906479239463806},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4627881348133087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/finite-state-machine","display_name":"Finite-state machine","score":0.41429242491722107},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/approximations-of-\u03c0","display_name":"Approximations of \u03c0","score":0.41262954473495483},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.3031718134880066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.25918975472450256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/applied-mathematics","display_name":"Applied mathematics","score":0.18026742339134216},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/context-free-grammar","display_name":"Context-free grammar","score":0.17291584610939026},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.13976743817329407}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C53893814","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7378909","display_name":"Rule-based machine translation","level":2,"score":0.709938645362854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2983497884","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176452","display_name":"Finite state","level":3,"score":0.6983354687690735},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.66096031665802},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776224158","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q187931","display_name":"Phrase","level":2,"score":0.582407534122467},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29184939","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1134367","display_name":"Phrase structure grammar","level":4,"score":0.5368326902389526},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.47906479239463806},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4627881348133087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C167822520","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176452","display_name":"Finite-state machine","level":2,"score":0.41429242491722107},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C193386753","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1130396","display_name":"Approximations of \u03c0","level":2,"score":0.41262954473495483},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.3031718134880066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.25918975472450256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28826006","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q33521","display_name":"Applied mathematics","level":1,"score":0.18026742339134216},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97212296","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q338047","display_name":"Context-free grammar","level":3,"score":0.17291584610939026},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.13976743817329407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98763669","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176645","display_name":"Markov chain","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.21437/icslp.1992-74","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.21437/icslp.1992-74","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2nd International Conference on Spoken Language Processing (ICSLP 1992)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Quality Education","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","score":0.5899999737739563}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1532285316","https://openalex.org/W4281261571","https://openalex.org/W4387024110","https://openalex.org/W2535494882","https://openalex.org/W1505369858","https://openalex.org/W1571505340","https://openalex.org/W2055334547","https://openalex.org/W2908087036","https://openalex.org/W2132109814","https://openalex.org/W3150614655"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T14:22:42.915294","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}