{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4308599814","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21437/iberspeech.2022-37","title":"On the application of conformers to logical access voice spoofing attack detection","display_name":"On the application of conformers to logical access voice spoofing attack detection","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-11-08","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4308599814","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21437/iberspeech.2022-37"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.21437/iberspeech.2022-37","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.21437/iberspeech.2022-37","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IberSPEECH 2022","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://digibug.ugr.es/bitstream/10481/80609/1/IberSPEECH_2022_paper_29.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079089887","display_name":"Eros Rosell\u00f3","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1489-5637"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I173304897","display_name":"Universidad de Granada","ror":"https://ror.org/04njjy449","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I173304897"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Eros Rosello","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Granada, Spain"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Granada, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I173304897"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045966889","display_name":"Alejandro Gomez-Alanis","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9797-8974"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I173304897","display_name":"Universidad de Granada","ror":"https://ror.org/04njjy449","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I173304897"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alejandro Gomez-Alanis","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Granada, Spain"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Granada, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I173304897"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059781225","display_name":"Manuel Chica","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4717-1056"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I173304897","display_name":"Universidad de Granada","ror":"https://ror.org/04njjy449","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I173304897"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Manuel Chica","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Granada, Spain"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Granada, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I173304897"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024291487","display_name":"\u00c1ngel M. G\u00f3mez","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9995-3068"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I173304897","display_name":"Universidad de Granada","ror":"https://ror.org/04njjy449","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I173304897"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Angel M. Gomez","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Granada, Spain"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Granada, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I173304897"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112650089","display_name":"Jose A. Gonzalez","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I173304897","display_name":"Universidad de Granada","ror":"https://ror.org/04njjy449","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I173304897"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jose A. Gonzalez","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Granada, Spain"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Granada, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I173304897"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078514616","display_name":"Antonio M. Peinado","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8214-6676"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I173304897","display_name":"Universidad de Granada","ror":"https://ror.org/04njjy449","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I173304897"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Antonio M. Peinado","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Granada, Spain"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Granada, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I173304897"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I173304897"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"181","last_page":"185"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10201","display_name":"Speech Recognition and Synthesis","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10201","display_name":"Speech Recognition and Synthesis","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10860","display_name":"Speech and Audio Processing","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11309","display_name":"Music and Audio Processing","score":0.9976999759674072,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spoofing-attack","display_name":"Spoofing attack","score":0.8924187421798706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8257998824119568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robustness","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","score":0.6244919300079346},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.5912494659423828},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biometrics","display_name":"Biometrics","score":0.5430145263671875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speaker-recognition","display_name":"Speaker recognition","score":0.538129985332489},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.47783350944519043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/binary-number","display_name":"Binary number","score":0.41322946548461914},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.4052361249923706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-recognition","display_name":"Speech recognition","score":0.40266093611717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.18758046627044678}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C167900197","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11081100","display_name":"Spoofing attack","level":2,"score":0.8924187421798706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8257998824119568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.6244919300079346},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.5912494659423828},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184297639","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177765","display_name":"Biometrics","level":2,"score":0.5430145263671875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133892786","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1145189","display_name":"Speaker recognition","level":2,"score":0.538129985332489},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.47783350944519043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48372109","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3913","display_name":"Binary number","level":2,"score":0.41322946548461914},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.4052361249923706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.40266093611717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.18758046627044678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94375191","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11205","display_name":"Arithmetic","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.21437/iberspeech.2022-37","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.21437/iberspeech.2022-37","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IberSPEECH 2022","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:digibug.ugr.es:10481/80609","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/10481/80609","pdf_url":"https://digibug.ugr.es/bitstream/10481/80609/1/IberSPEECH_2022_paper_29.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400567","display_name":"Institutional Repository of the University of Granada (University of Granada)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I173304897","host_organization_name":"Universidad de Granada","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I173304897"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/conferenceObject"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:digibug.ugr.es:10481/80609","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/10481/80609","pdf_url":"https://digibug.ugr.es/bitstream/10481/80609/1/IberSPEECH_2022_paper_29.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400567","display_name":"Institutional Repository of the University of Granada (University of Granada)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I173304897","host_organization_name":"Universidad de Granada","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I173304897"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/conferenceObject"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2262748287","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"501100011033","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335598","funder_display_name":"Agencia Estatal de Investigaci\u00f3n"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3480869486","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"13039","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335598","funder_display_name":"Agencia Estatal de Investigaci\u00f3n"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8684520763","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"PID2019","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335598","funder_display_name":"Agencia Estatal de Investigaci\u00f3n"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320319605","display_name":"Consejer\u00eda de Transformaci\u00f3n Econ\u00f3mica, Industria, Conocimiento y Universidades","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320326754","display_name":"Junta de Andaluc\u00eda","ror":"https://ror.org/01jem9c82"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335598","display_name":"Agencia Estatal de Investigaci\u00f3n","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4308599814.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":32,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2120847449","https://openalex.org/W2123299109","https://openalex.org/W2143597468","https://openalex.org/W2176804518","https://openalex.org/W2294013337","https://openalex.org/W2294038178","https://openalex.org/W2471520273","https://openalex.org/W2519091744","https://openalex.org/W2596961967","https://openalex.org/W2745896134","https://openalex.org/W2799053639","https://openalex.org/W2889023442","https://openalex.org/W2901479908","https://openalex.org/W2911708970","https://openalex.org/W2936802426","https://openalex.org/W2963175743","https://openalex.org/W2963460857","https://openalex.org/W2964110616","https://openalex.org/W2970759645","https://openalex.org/W2972526452","https://openalex.org/W2972786657","https://openalex.org/W2981413347","https://openalex.org/W3034598492","https://openalex.org/W3094502228","https://openalex.org/W3097777922","https://openalex.org/W3104090442","https://openalex.org/W3135833668","https://openalex.org/W3158663310","https://openalex.org/W3197358873","https://openalex.org/W3199161700","https://openalex.org/W4210531071","https://openalex.org/W4385245566"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2188559950","https://openalex.org/W2989910292","https://openalex.org/W2998478967","https://openalex.org/W3128793638","https://openalex.org/W2123299109","https://openalex.org/W2021230337","https://openalex.org/W4401097268","https://openalex.org/W2607818178","https://openalex.org/W2281508611","https://openalex.org/W2954943288"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Biometric":[0],"systems":[1,28],"are":[2,60,83],"exposed":[3],"to":[4,116,140,154,204],"spoofing":[5],"attacks":[6],"which":[7],"may":[8,72],"compromise":[9],"their":[10,152],"security,":[11],"and":[12,52,114,120,123,166],"automatic":[13],"speaker":[14],"verification":[15],"(ASV)":[16],"is":[17,103],"no":[18],"exception.":[19],"To":[20,169],"increase":[21],"the":[22,33,65,77,108,178,189],"robustness":[23],"against":[24],"such":[25,159],"attacks,":[26],"anti-spoofing":[27],"have":[29,136],"been":[30,125,137],"proposed":[31,190],"for":[32,64,87,96,127],"de-":[34],"tection":[35],"of":[36,42,67,110,151],"spoofed":[37],"audio":[38],"attacks.":[39,168],"However,":[40],"most":[41],"these":[43,68],"sys-":[44],"tems":[45],"can":[46,53,192],"not":[47,93],"capture":[48],"long-term":[49],"feature":[50],"dependencies":[51,122],"only":[54],"extract":[55],"local":[56,74,119],"features.":[57],"While":[58,134],"transformers":[59],"an":[61],"excellent":[62],"solution":[63],"exploitation":[66],"long-distance":[69],"correlations,":[70],"they":[71],"degrade":[73],"details.":[75],"On":[76],"contrary,":[78],"convolutional":[79],"neural":[80],"networks":[81],"(CNNs)":[82],"a":[84,104,148,155],"powerful":[85],"tool":[86],"extracting":[88],"lo-":[89],"cal":[90],"features":[91],"but":[92],"so":[94],"much":[95],"capturing":[97],"global":[98,121],"representa-":[99],"tions.":[100],"The":[101,184],"conformer":[102],"model":[105,117],"that":[106,188],"combines":[107],"best":[109],"both":[111,118],"techniques,":[112],"CNNs":[113],"transformers,":[115],"has":[124],"used":[126],"speech":[128],"recogni-":[129],"tion":[130],"achieving":[131],"state-of-the-art":[132],"performance.":[133],"conformers":[135],"mainly":[138],"applied":[139],"sequence-to-sequence":[141],"problems,":[142],"in":[143,202],"this":[144],"work":[145],"we":[146],"make":[147],"preliminary":[149],"study":[150],"adaptation":[153],"binary":[156],"classification":[157],"task":[158],"as":[160],"anti-spoofing,":[161],"with":[162],"focus":[163],"on":[164,177],"synthesis":[165],"voice-conversion-based":[167],"evaluate":[170],"our":[171],"proposals,":[172],"experiments":[173],"were":[174],"carried":[175],"out":[176],"ASVspoof":[179],"2019":[180],"logical":[181],"access":[182],"database.":[183],"experimental":[185],"results":[186],"show":[187],"system":[191],"obtain":[193],"encouraging":[194],"results,":[195],"although":[196],"more":[197],"research":[198],"will":[199],"be":[200],"required":[201],"order":[203],"outperform":[205],"other":[206],"state-of-":[207],"the-art":[208],"systems.":[209]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-07-14T23:27:15.235271","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
