{"id":"https://openalex.org/W35904254","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21437/eurospeech.2003-442","title":"Large vocabulary conversational speech recognition with a subspace constraint on inverse covariance matrices","display_name":"Large vocabulary conversational speech recognition with a subspace constraint on inverse covariance matrices","publication_year":2003,"publication_date":"2003-09-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W35904254","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21437/eurospeech.2003-442","mag":"35904254"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.21437/eurospeech.2003-442","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.21437/eurospeech.2003-442","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"8th European Conference on Speech Communication and Technology (Eurospeech 2003)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082098338","display_name":"Scott Axelrod","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1341412227","display_name":"IBM (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/05hh8d621","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1341412227"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Scott Axelrod","raw_affiliation_strings":["IBM, ,"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IBM, ,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1341412227"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034451965","display_name":"Vaibhava Goel","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5504-3863"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Vaibhava Goel","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003725957","display_name":"Brian Kingsbury","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1343-6837"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Brian Kingsbury","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045869355","display_name":"Karthik Visweswariah","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Karthik Visweswariah","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103606070","display_name":"Ramesh A. Gopinath","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ramesh Gopinath","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5082098338"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1341412227"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.2117,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":12,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.93824925,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1613","last_page":"1616"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10201","display_name":"Speech Recognition and Synthesis","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10201","display_name":"Speech Recognition and Synthesis","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10860","display_name":"Speech and Audio Processing","score":0.9957000017166138,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11309","display_name":"Music and Audio Processing","score":0.9907000064849854,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/subspace-topology","display_name":"Subspace topology","score":0.6789118051528931},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/constraint","display_name":"Constraint (computer-aided design)","score":0.6415070295333862},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6160690784454346},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vocabulary","display_name":"Vocabulary","score":0.6095577478408813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-recognition","display_name":"Speech recognition","score":0.5466353297233582},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inverse","display_name":"Inverse","score":0.5163358449935913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/covariance","display_name":"Covariance","score":0.5015852451324463},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.43916943669319153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.36421912908554077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.287584513425827},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linguistics","display_name":"Linguistics","score":0.17439883947372437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.09305661916732788}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32834561","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q660730","display_name":"Subspace topology","level":2,"score":0.6789118051528931},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776036281","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q48769818","display_name":"Constraint (computer-aided design)","level":2,"score":0.6415070295333862},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6160690784454346},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777601683","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6499736","display_name":"Vocabulary","level":2,"score":0.6095577478408813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.5466353297233582},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207467116","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4385666","display_name":"Inverse","level":2,"score":0.5163358449935913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178650346","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q201984","display_name":"Covariance","level":2,"score":0.5015852451324463},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.43916943669319153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.36421912908554077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.287584513425827},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.17439883947372437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.09305661916732788},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.21437/eurospeech.2003-442","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.21437/eurospeech.2003-442","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"8th European Conference on Speech Communication and Technology (Eurospeech 2003)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.8.8887","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.8.8887","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.research.ibm.com/people/r/rameshg/axelrod-eurospeech2003.ps","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.7099999785423279,"display_name":"Quality Education","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":16,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W121382850","https://openalex.org/W169377849","https://openalex.org/W1564719928","https://openalex.org/W1912790014","https://openalex.org/W2002342963","https://openalex.org/W2090861223","https://openalex.org/W2099262442","https://openalex.org/W2104663520","https://openalex.org/W2106554350","https://openalex.org/W2111360383","https://openalex.org/W2124629003","https://openalex.org/W2126415164","https://openalex.org/W2135722170","https://openalex.org/W2146871184","https://openalex.org/W2172070182","https://openalex.org/W2594610113"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2611614995","https://openalex.org/W2368651715","https://openalex.org/W2789919619","https://openalex.org/W4321496520","https://openalex.org/W2293457016","https://openalex.org/W3169305685","https://openalex.org/W1515542156","https://openalex.org/W1992419927","https://openalex.org/W3107474891","https://openalex.org/W4301942556"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0,87,130],"paper":[1,49,88,131],"applies":[2],"the":[3,25,42,52,79,84,90,95,115,119,126,134,149,166,170],"recently":[4],"proposed":[5],"SPAM":[6,28,85,96,138],"models":[7,29,33,66,97,112,139],"for":[8],"acoustic":[9],"modeling":[10],"in":[11,34,140],"a":[12,36,141,156],"Speaker":[13],"Adaptive":[14],"Training":[15],"(SAT)":[16],"context":[17],"on":[18,41,51,148],"large":[19],"vocabulary":[20],"conversational":[21,160],"speech":[22,152,161],"databases,":[23],"including":[24],"Switchboard":[26,167],"database.":[27],"are":[30,113,146],"Gaussian":[31],"mixture":[32],"which":[35,154],"subspace":[37],"constraint":[38],"is":[39,71,133,155],"placed":[40],"precision":[43],"and":[44,64,81,158],"mean":[45],"matrices":[46],"(although":[47],"this":[48],"focuses":[50],"case":[53],"of":[54,78,117,122,169],"unconstrained":[55],"means).":[56],"They":[57],"include":[58],"diagonal":[59,105,111],"covariance,":[60,62],"full":[61],"MLLT,":[63],"EMLLT":[65],"as":[67],"special":[68],"cases.":[69],"Adaptation":[70],"carried":[72],"out":[73],"with":[74],"maximum":[75],"likelihood":[76],"estimation":[77],"means":[80],"feature-space":[82],"under":[83],"model.":[86],"shows":[89],"first":[91,135],"experimental":[92],"evidence":[93],"that":[94,164],"can":[98],"achieve":[99],"significant":[100],"word-error-rate":[101],"improvements":[102],"over":[103],"state-of-the-art":[104],"covariance":[106],"models,":[107],"even":[108],"when":[109],"those":[110],"given":[114],"benefit":[116],"choosing":[118],"optimal":[120],"number":[121],"Gaussians":[123],"(according":[124],"to":[125,136],"Bayesian":[127],"Information":[128],"Criterion).":[129],"also":[132],"apply":[137],"SAT":[142],"context.":[143],"All":[144],"experiments":[145],"performed":[147],"IBM":[150],""Superhuman"":[151],"corpus,":[153],"challenging":[157],"diverse":[159],"test":[162],"set":[163],"includes":[165],"portion":[168],"1998":[171],"Hub5":[172],"evaluation":[173],"data":[174],"set.":[175]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}