{"id":"https://openalex.org/W116327306","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21437/eurospeech.1999-549","title":"Combining nonlocal, syntactic and n-gram dependencies in language modeling","display_name":"Combining nonlocal, syntactic and n-gram dependencies in language modeling","publication_year":1999,"publication_date":"1999-09-05","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W116327306","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21437/eurospeech.1999-549","mag":"116327306"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.21437/eurospeech.1999-549","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.21437/eurospeech.1999-549","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"6th European Conference on Speech Communication and Technology","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Jun Wu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jun Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Tsinghua University"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tsinghua University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Sanjeev Khudanpur","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sanjeev Khudanpur","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.01768743,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"2179","last_page":"2182"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10201","display_name":"Speech Recognition and Synthesis","score":0.998199999332428,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10201","display_name":"Speech Recognition and Synthesis","score":0.998199999332428,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10860","display_name":"Speech and Audio Processing","score":0.9708999991416931,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11309","display_name":"Music and Audio Processing","score":0.9340000152587891,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.6745795011520386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adaptation","display_name":"Adaptation (eye)","score":0.6530957818031311},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6411492228507996},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tree","display_name":"Tree (set theory)","score":0.595055341720581},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interpolation","display_name":"Interpolation (computer graphics)","score":0.5493643879890442},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5122874975204468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/class","display_name":"Class (philosophy)","score":0.5010843276977539},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/maximum-likelihood","display_name":"Maximum likelihood","score":0.45769625902175903},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-set","display_name":"Data set","score":0.45653825998306274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.3681911528110504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-recognition","display_name":"Speech recognition","score":0.3450847864151001},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.26815521717071533},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.1979396939277649},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/motion","display_name":"Motion (physics)","score":0.0776442289352417}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.6745795011520386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139807058","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q352374","display_name":"Adaptation (eye)","level":2,"score":0.6530957818031311},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6411492228507996},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113174947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2859736","display_name":"Tree (set theory)","level":2,"score":0.595055341720581},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137800194","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11713455","display_name":"Interpolation (computer graphics)","level":3,"score":0.5493643879890442},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5122874975204468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777212361","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5127848","display_name":"Class (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.5010843276977539},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49781872","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1045555","display_name":"Maximum likelihood","level":2,"score":0.45769625902175903},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58489278","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1172284","display_name":"Data set","level":2,"score":0.45653825998306274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.3681911528110504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.3450847864151001},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.26815521717071533},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.1979396939277649},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104114177","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79782","display_name":"Motion (physics)","level":2,"score":0.0776442289352417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.21437/eurospeech.1999-549","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.21437/eurospeech.1999-549","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"6th European Conference on Speech Communication and Technology","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Quality Education","score":0.6700000166893005,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":9,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W118865840","https://openalex.org/W164321059","https://openalex.org/W1953949349","https://openalex.org/W1998414250","https://openalex.org/W2010368386","https://openalex.org/W2105163384","https://openalex.org/W2143693287","https://openalex.org/W2166766408","https://openalex.org/W2484208911"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2997567050","https://openalex.org/W1483272040","https://openalex.org/W4283377908","https://openalex.org/W1533421371","https://openalex.org/W2003050223","https://openalex.org/W2091777911","https://openalex.org/W2766405861","https://openalex.org/W2360975119","https://openalex.org/W2912421143","https://openalex.org/W2372487155"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"this":[1],"paper,":[2],"a":[3,16,20,41,87],"speaker":[4,12,23],"adaptation":[5,38,95],"method":[6],"is":[7,44,91,97],"presented":[8],"which":[9],"computes":[10],"the":[11,34,37,48,54,59,64,75],"adapted":[13,76],"model":[14],"by":[15],"weighted":[17],"sum":[18],"of":[19,22,28,36],"set":[21,27,72],"dependent":[24],"models.":[25],"The":[26,51],"weights":[29],"are":[30],"estimated":[31],"to":[32,46,73],"maximize":[33],"likelihood":[35],"data.":[39],"Then":[40],"linguistic":[42,56],"tree":[43],"constructed":[45],"cluster":[47],"mean":[49],"vectors.":[50],"means":[52,65],"in":[53,66],"same":[55,60],"class":[57],"share":[58],"weight":[61,71],"set,":[62],"while":[63],"different":[67,70],"classes":[68],"use":[69],"compute":[74],"model.":[77],"Experiments":[78],"show":[79],"that":[80],"with":[81],"as":[82,84],"little":[83],"1~3":[85],"sentences":[86],"significant":[88],"performance":[89],"improvement":[90,100],"obtained.":[92,103],"As":[93],"more":[94],"data":[96],"available,":[98],"further":[99],"can":[101],"be":[102]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-03-25T23:56:10.502304","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}