{"id":"https://openalex.org/W139349061","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21437/eurospeech.1999-40","title":"A missing-word test comparison of human and statistical language model performance","display_name":"A missing-word test comparison of human and statistical language model performance","publication_year":1999,"publication_date":"1999-09-05","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W139349061","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21437/eurospeech.1999-40","mag":"139349061"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.21437/eurospeech.1999-40","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.21437/eurospeech.1999-40","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"6th European Conference on Speech Communication and Technology","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111415511","display_name":"Marie Owens","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Marie Owens","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077466918","display_name":"Anja Kr\u00fcger","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Anja Kr\u00fcger","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068080809","display_name":"Paul Donnelly","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7040-2388"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Paul Donnelly","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113973712","display_name":"F.J. Smith","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"F J Smith","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101838286","display_name":"Ji Ming","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6887-2591"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ji Ming","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5111415511"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.02149605,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"145","last_page":"148"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10201","display_name":"Speech Recognition and Synthesis","score":0.9829999804496765,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10201","display_name":"Speech Recognition and Synthesis","score":0.9829999804496765,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.9807999730110168,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.9337000250816345,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7420445680618286},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.6605590581893921},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/word","display_name":"Word (group theory)","score":0.6501612663269043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/test","display_name":"Test (biology)","score":0.5855592489242554},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5326877236366272},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/language-model","display_name":"Language model","score":0.5122663378715515},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linguistics","display_name":"Linguistics","score":0.19040188193321228}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7420445680618286},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.6605590581893921},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90805587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10944557","display_name":"Word (group theory)","level":2,"score":0.6501612663269043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777267654","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3519023","display_name":"Test (biology)","level":2,"score":0.5855592489242554},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5326877236366272},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137293760","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3621696","display_name":"Language model","level":2,"score":0.5122663378715515},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.19040188193321228},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.21437/eurospeech.1999-40","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.21437/eurospeech.1999-40","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"6th European Conference on Speech Communication and Technology","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Quality Education","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","score":0.5699999928474426}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":9,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1980656216","https://openalex.org/W1984227272","https://openalex.org/W2008422177","https://openalex.org/W2023528331","https://openalex.org/W2079145130","https://openalex.org/W2099345940","https://openalex.org/W2102439588","https://openalex.org/W2127836646","https://openalex.org/W2270070752"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2169518243","https://openalex.org/W641782856","https://openalex.org/W1569283511","https://openalex.org/W4236193183","https://openalex.org/W2053866214","https://openalex.org/W2607505004","https://openalex.org/W2231795205","https://openalex.org/W3204019825","https://openalex.org/W2296205523","https://openalex.org/W2944691285"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
