{"id":"https://openalex.org/W125269869","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21437/eurospeech.1999-399x","title":"Language modelling with hierarchical domains","display_name":"Language modelling with hierarchical domains","publication_year":1999,"publication_date":"1999-09-05","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W125269869","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21437/eurospeech.1999-399x","mag":"125269869"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.21437/eurospeech.1999-399x","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.21437/eurospeech.1999-399x","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"6th European Conference on Speech Communication and Technology","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109837577","display_name":"Paul G. Donnelly","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Paul G. Donnelly","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113973712","display_name":"F.J. Smith","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"F. J. Smith","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050694438","display_name":"E. Sicilia","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"E. Sicilia","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101838286","display_name":"Ji Ming","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6887-2591"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ji Ming","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.0414,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.8001928,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1575","last_page":"1578"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10201","display_name":"Speech Recognition and Synthesis","score":0.9969000220298767,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hierarchy","display_name":"Hierarchy","score":0.8312969207763672},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.788699746131897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/abstraction","display_name":"Abstraction","score":0.7142571806907654},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/domain","display_name":"Domain (mathematical analysis)","score":0.5884404182434082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/language-model","display_name":"Language model","score":0.5302894711494446},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/association","display_name":"Association (psychology)","score":0.48355934023857117},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.4497499465942383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.41152840852737427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.36355817317962646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.09993666410446167}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31170391","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188619","display_name":"Hierarchy","level":2,"score":0.8312969207763672},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.788699746131897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124304363","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q673661","display_name":"Abstraction","level":2,"score":0.7142571806907654},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36503486","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11235244","display_name":"Domain (mathematical analysis)","level":2,"score":0.5884404182434082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137293760","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3621696","display_name":"Language model","level":2,"score":0.5302894711494446},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142853389","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q744778","display_name":"Association (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.48355934023857117},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.4497499465942383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.41152840852737427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.36355817317962646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.09993666410446167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34447519","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179522","display_name":"Market economy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.21437/eurospeech.1999-399x","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.21437/eurospeech.1999-399x","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"6th European Conference on Speech Communication and Technology","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.7099999785423279,"display_name":"Quality Education","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":7,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1531990095","https://openalex.org/W1665921526","https://openalex.org/W1966812932","https://openalex.org/W2008422177","https://openalex.org/W2059800182","https://openalex.org/W2086699924","https://openalex.org/W2112874453"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2365264209","https://openalex.org/W962203960","https://openalex.org/W2045155990","https://openalex.org/W4313163053","https://openalex.org/W2026999166","https://openalex.org/W4300973204","https://openalex.org/W3045811229","https://openalex.org/W1599954583","https://openalex.org/W1483408780","https://openalex.org/W1996802783"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"A":[0],"new":[1],"method":[2,39],"of":[3,20,31,35,45,65,105],"using":[4,22],"domains":[5,21,51,61,72],"to":[6,59],"improve":[7],"a":[8,23,63,87,113],"variable":[9],"ngram":[10],"language":[11,89],"model":[12,90],"is":[13,26,40],"presented.":[14],"Previous":[15],"research":[16],"on":[17],"the":[18,29,43],"use":[19],"2-tier":[24],"approach":[25],"extended":[27],"through":[28],"addition":[30],"further":[32],"hierarchical":[33],"levels":[34],"domain":[36,46],"abstraction.":[37],"Our":[38],"based":[41],"upon":[42],"concept":[44],"association":[47],"where":[48],"semantically":[49],"related":[50],"exhibit":[52],"similar":[53],"n-gram":[54],"distributions.":[55],"Association":[56],"allows":[57],"us":[58],"cluster":[60],"into":[62,76],"hierarchy":[64,82],"larger":[66],"super-domains":[67],"ultimately":[68],"terminating":[69],"when":[70],"all":[71],"have":[73],"been":[74,84],"included":[75],"one":[77],"single":[78],"superdomain.":[79],"The":[80],"resulting":[81],"has":[83],"used":[85],"within":[86],"dynamic":[88],"framework":[91],"which":[92],"tracks":[93],"changes":[94],"in":[95],"text":[96],"over":[97,107],"time.":[98],"Results":[99],"with":[100],"several":[101],"corpora":[102],"show":[103],"improvements":[104],"22%":[106],"traditional":[108],"modelling":[109],"techniques":[110],"whilst":[111],"providing":[112],"robust":[114],"mechanism":[115],"for":[116],"handling":[117],"topical":[118],"changes.":[119]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
