{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1604474292","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21437/eurospeech.1997-519","title":"Confidence measures for hybrid HMM/ANN speech recognition","display_name":"Confidence measures for hybrid HMM/ANN speech recognition","publication_year":1997,"publication_date":"1997-09-22","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1604474292","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21437/eurospeech.1997-519","mag":"1604474292"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.21437/eurospeech.1997-519","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.21437/eurospeech.1997-519","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"5th European Conference on Speech Communication and Technology (Eurospeech 1997)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024802801","display_name":"Gethin Williams","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I91136226","display_name":"University of Sheffield","ror":"https://ror.org/05krs5044","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I91136226"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Gethin Williams","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of  Sheffield"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of  Sheffield","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91136226"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027442277","display_name":"Steve Renals","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8790-3389"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I91136226","display_name":"University of Sheffield","ror":"https://ror.org/05krs5044","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I91136226"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Steve Renals","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dept. of Computer Science, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S1 4DP, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Computer Science, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S1 4DP, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91136226"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5024802801"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91136226"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":5.2652,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":44,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95277497,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1955","last_page":"1958"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10201","display_name":"Speech Recognition and Synthesis","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10201","display_name":"Speech Recognition and Synthesis","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10901","display_name":"Advanced Data Compression Techniques","score":0.991100013256073,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10860","display_name":"Speech and Audio Processing","score":0.9901999831199646,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hidden-markov-model","display_name":"Hidden Markov model","score":0.7888660430908203},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7001893520355225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-recognition","display_name":"Speech recognition","score":0.6844502687454224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.47043296694755554},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.3924550712108612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.37730181217193604}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23224414","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176769","display_name":"Hidden Markov model","level":2,"score":0.7888660430908203},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7001893520355225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.6844502687454224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.47043296694755554},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.3924550712108612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.37730181217193604}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.21437/eurospeech.1997-519","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.21437/eurospeech.1997-519","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"5th European Conference on Speech Communication and Technology (Eurospeech 1997)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Quality Education","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","score":0.46000000834465027}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":10,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1517386993","https://openalex.org/W1538455780","https://openalex.org/W1553004968","https://openalex.org/W1792764070","https://openalex.org/W1855262058","https://openalex.org/W2100541481","https://openalex.org/W2128946969","https://openalex.org/W2132030416","https://openalex.org/W2144920829","https://openalex.org/W2169621245"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2136763963","https://openalex.org/W2109705048","https://openalex.org/W2940588515","https://openalex.org/W1909151225","https://openalex.org/W3184123547","https://openalex.org/W2160030256","https://openalex.org/W4253235840","https://openalex.org/W3151937861","https://openalex.org/W2488941600","https://openalex.org/W2033914206"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"this":[1],"paper":[2],"we":[3],"introduce":[4],"four":[5],"acoustic":[6],"confidence":[7,25],"measures":[8],"which":[9],"are":[10,37],"derived":[11],"from":[12],"the":[13,46],"output":[14],"of":[15],"a":[16],"hybrid":[17],"HMM/ANN":[18],"large":[19],"vocabulary":[20],"continuous":[21],"speech":[22],"recognition":[23],"system.These":[24],"measures,":[26],"based":[27],"on":[28],"local":[29],"posterior":[30],"probability":[31],"estimates":[32],"computed":[33],"by":[34],"an":[35],"ANN,":[36],"evaluated":[38],"at":[39],"both":[40],"phone":[41],"and":[42],"word":[43],"levels,":[44],"using":[45],"North":[47],"American":[48],"Business":[49],"News":[50],"corpus.":[51]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}