{"id":"https://openalex.org/W176773998","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21437/eurospeech.1997-460","title":"Subword unit representations for spoken document retrieval","display_name":"Subword unit representations for spoken document retrieval","publication_year":1997,"publication_date":"1997-09-22","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W176773998","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21437/eurospeech.1997-460","mag":"176773998"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.21437/eurospeech.1997-460","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.21437/eurospeech.1997-460","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"5th European Conference on Speech Communication and Technology (Eurospeech 1997)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070430680","display_name":"Kenney Ng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0792-070X"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kenney Ng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Spoken Language Systems Group MIT Laboratory for Computer Science 545 Technology Square, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Spoken Language Systems Group MIT Laboratory for Computer Science 545 Technology Square, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109575396","display_name":"Victor W. Zue","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Victor W. Zue","raw_affiliation_strings":["Spoken Language Systems Group MIT Laboratory for Computer Science 545 Technology Square, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Spoken Language Systems Group MIT Laboratory for Computer Science 545 Technology Square, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5109575396"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":12.6791,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":36,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98597233,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1607","last_page":"1610"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.9972000122070312,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.9972000122070312,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12031","display_name":"Speech and dialogue systems","score":0.9884999990463257,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.9837999939918518,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8136700987815857},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.6308454871177673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/document-retrieval","display_name":"Document retrieval","score":0.5265125036239624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-retrieval","display_name":"Information retrieval","score":0.5160593390464783},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.47782137989997864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/unit","display_name":"Unit (ring theory)","score":0.4122350513935089},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-recognition","display_name":"Speech recognition","score":0.4103997051715851}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8136700987815857},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.6308454871177673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161156560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1638872","display_name":"Document retrieval","level":2,"score":0.5265125036239624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23123220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826","display_name":"Information retrieval","level":1,"score":0.5160593390464783},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.47782137989997864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C122637931","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q118084","display_name":"Unit (ring theory)","level":2,"score":0.4122350513935089},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.4103997051715851},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145420912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q853077","display_name":"Mathematics education","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.21437/eurospeech.1997-460","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.21437/eurospeech.1997-460","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"5th European Conference on Speech Communication and Technology (Eurospeech 1997)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.381.3556","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.381.3556","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://groups.csail.mit.edu/sls//publications/1997/eurospeech97-kng.pdf","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Quality Education","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","score":0.6700000166893005}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":7,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W102158453","https://openalex.org/W1607753411","https://openalex.org/W1911232923","https://openalex.org/W1978394996","https://openalex.org/W2141527751","https://openalex.org/W2325227998","https://openalex.org/W4299513203"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2083605078","https://openalex.org/W166528628","https://openalex.org/W2166451235","https://openalex.org/W204509384","https://openalex.org/W2188001116","https://openalex.org/W1579794579","https://openalex.org/W2114279702","https://openalex.org/W1560138630","https://openalex.org/W2112788825","https://openalex.org/W1971810790"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"investigates":[2],"the":[3,33,40,47,65,95,106,111,116,121,124,148],"feasibility":[4],"of":[5,42,67,80,83,108,113,115,123,138],"using":[6,18],"subword":[7,81,127],"unit":[8,93],"representations":[9],"for":[10,51],"spoken":[11],"document":[12],"retrieval":[13,37],"as":[14],"an":[15],"alternative":[16],"to":[17,45,49,63,129],"words":[19],"generated":[20],"by":[21,32,104],"either":[22,43],"keyword":[23],"spotting":[24],"or":[25,54],"word":[26],"recognition.":[27],"Our":[28],"investigation":[29],"is":[30,94],"motivated":[31],"observation":[34],"that":[35],"word-based":[36],"approaches":[38],"face":[39],"problem":[41],"having":[44],"know":[46],"keywords":[48],"search":[50],"a":[52,56,78,135],"priori,":[53],"requiring":[55],"very":[57],"large":[58,136],"recognition":[59,159],"vocabulary":[60],"in":[61],"order":[62],"cover":[64],"contents":[66],"growing":[68],"and":[69,98,110,133,154],"diverse":[70],"message":[71],"collections.":[72],"In":[73],"this":[74],"study,":[75],"we":[76],"examine":[77],"range":[79],"units":[82,101,128],"varying":[84,105],"complexity":[85],"derived":[86,103],"from":[87],"phonetic":[88,117,150,158],"transcriptions.":[89],"The":[90],"basic":[91],"underlying":[92,149],"phone;":[96],"more":[97],"less":[99],"complex":[100],"are":[102,152],"level":[107],"detail":[109],"length":[112],"sequences":[114],"units.":[118],"We":[119,142],"measure":[120],"ability":[122],"di":[125],"erent":[126],"e":[130],"ectively":[131],"index":[132],"retrieve":[134],"collection":[137],"recorded":[139],"speech":[140],"messages.":[141],"also":[143],"compare":[144],"their":[145],"performance":[146],"when":[147,155],"transcriptions":[151],"perfect":[153],"they":[156],"contain":[157],"errors.":[160],"1.":[161]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}