{"id":"https://openalex.org/W8411712","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21437/eurospeech.1993-437","title":"Vowel dynamics in a text-to-speech system some considerations","display_name":"Vowel dynamics in a text-to-speech system some considerations","publication_year":1993,"publication_date":"1993-09-22","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W8411712","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21437/eurospeech.1993-437","mag":"8411712"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.21437/eurospeech.1993-437","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.21437/eurospeech.1993-437","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"3rd European Conference on Speech Communication and Technology (Eurospeech 1993)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111374272","display_name":"Rolf Carlson","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Rolf Carlson","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031685181","display_name":"Lennart Nord","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lennart Nord","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5111374272"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.00174764,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1911","last_page":"1914"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10403","display_name":"Phonetics and Phonology Research","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10403","display_name":"Phonetics and Phonology Research","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10201","display_name":"Speech Recognition and Synthesis","score":0.9973999857902527,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10860","display_name":"Speech and Audio Processing","score":0.9873999953269958,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/formant","display_name":"Formant","score":0.9115012288093567},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vowel","display_name":"Vowel","score":0.7632209062576294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/naturalness","display_name":"Naturalness","score":0.7585225105285645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/context","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","score":0.7008094191551208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-recognition","display_name":"Speech recognition","score":0.6448818445205688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5317102074623108},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/standard-deviation","display_name":"Standard deviation","score":0.4515988230705261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/position","display_name":"Position (finance)","score":0.4326391816139221},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.37128332257270813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.2243712842464447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.07107341289520264},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.06557753682136536}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158215666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1414685","display_name":"Formant","level":3,"score":0.9115012288093567},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779581591","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36244","display_name":"Vowel","level":2,"score":0.7632209062576294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134537474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17144832","display_name":"Naturalness","level":2,"score":0.7585225105285645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.7008094191551208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.6448818445205688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5317102074623108},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22679943","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q159375","display_name":"Standard deviation","level":2,"score":0.4515988230705261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198082294","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3399648","display_name":"Position (finance)","level":2,"score":0.4326391816139221},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.37128332257270813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.2243712842464447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.07107341289520264},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.06557753682136536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.21437/eurospeech.1993-437","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.21437/eurospeech.1993-437","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"3rd European Conference on Speech Communication and Technology (Eurospeech 1993)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6299999952316284,"display_name":"Quality Education","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":8,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W53259428","https://openalex.org/W85336056","https://openalex.org/W1565234467","https://openalex.org/W2013223016","https://openalex.org/W2031127240","https://openalex.org/W2088603884","https://openalex.org/W2129335137","https://openalex.org/W2985956464"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2028715205","https://openalex.org/W2344358524","https://openalex.org/W2060888333","https://openalex.org/W2053092242","https://openalex.org/W2028342517","https://openalex.org/W3042758298","https://openalex.org/W2050311283","https://openalex.org/W2942435052","https://openalex.org/W3169184738","https://openalex.org/W2007544974"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"purpose":[1],"of":[2,11,22,47,52,60,90,93,102],"the":[3,9,12,17,30,53,61,69,80,86,91],"present":[4],"study":[5,28],"is":[6,38],"to":[7,106,114],"increase":[8],"naturalness":[10],"rule":[13],"synthesis":[14],"developed":[15],"at":[16],"Department,":[18],"especially":[19],"positional":[20],"variants":[21],"phonemes.":[23],"We":[24],"have":[25],"in":[26],"this":[27,36],"chosen":[29],"Swedish":[31],"short":[32],"vowel":[33,37],"/e/,":[34],"as":[35,57,66,72],"highly":[39],"variable":[40],"and":[41,83,116],"can":[42],"show":[43],"a":[44,58,100],"great":[45],"degree":[46],"reduction.":[48],"A":[49],"statistical":[50],"analysis":[51],"second":[54],"formant":[55],"value":[56],"function":[59],"phoneme":[62],"context":[63,115],"(CVC)":[64],"gave":[65],"result":[67],"that":[68,97,108],"variability":[70],"expressed":[71],"standard":[73],"deviation":[74],"was":[75,99],"reduced":[76],"by":[77],"38%":[78],"on":[79,85],"training":[81],"material":[82],"24%":[84],"test":[87],"material.":[88],"Analysis":[89],"spectra":[92],"/e/":[94],"vowels":[95],"showed":[96],"there":[98],"tendency":[101],"acoustically":[103],"different":[104,110],"allophones":[105],"appear,":[107],"is,":[109],"spectral":[111],"envelopes,":[112],"due":[113],"position.":[117]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
