{"id":"https://openalex.org/W333962176","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21437/eurospeech.1993-381","title":"Theoretical principles concerning segmentation, labelling strategies and levels of categorical annotation for spoken language database systems","display_name":"Theoretical principles concerning segmentation, labelling strategies and levels of categorical annotation for spoken language database systems","publication_year":1993,"publication_date":"1993-09-22","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W333962176","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21437/eurospeech.1993-381","mag":"333962176"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.21437/eurospeech.1993-381","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.21437/eurospeech.1993-381","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"3rd European Conference on Speech Communication and Technology (Eurospeech 1993)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111569120","display_name":"Hans G. Tillmann","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hans G. Tillmann","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022744194","display_name":"Bernd Pompino-Marschall","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1011-1447"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bernd Pompino-Marschall","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.07863401,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1691","last_page":"1694"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.9879000186920166,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.9879000186920166,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10201","display_name":"Speech Recognition and Synthesis","score":0.9757999777793884,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12031","display_name":"Speech and dialogue systems","score":0.963100016117096,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/annotation","display_name":"Annotation","score":0.7856554985046387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7800307273864746},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/categorical-variable","display_name":"Categorical variable","score":0.7748494148254395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.6640747785568237},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/labelling","display_name":"Labelling","score":0.5675216317176819},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/segmentation","display_name":"Segmentation","score":0.5251864194869995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4953988790512085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-retrieval","display_name":"Information retrieval","score":0.41988953948020935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/database","display_name":"Database","score":0.3572135865688324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.08348798751831055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.06214958429336548}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776321320","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q857525","display_name":"Annotation","level":2,"score":0.7856554985046387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7800307273864746},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C5274069","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2285707","display_name":"Categorical variable","level":2,"score":0.7748494148254395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.6640747785568237},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780523633","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q380709","display_name":"Labelling","level":2,"score":0.5675216317176819},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89600930","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423946","display_name":"Segmentation","level":2,"score":0.5251864194869995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4953988790512085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23123220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826","display_name":"Information retrieval","level":1,"score":0.41988953948020935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77088390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8513","display_name":"Database","level":1,"score":0.3572135865688324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.08348798751831055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.06214958429336548},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73484699","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161733","display_name":"Criminology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.21437/eurospeech.1993-381","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.21437/eurospeech.1993-381","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"3rd European Conference on Speech Communication and Technology (Eurospeech 1993)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","score":0.6800000071525574,"display_name":"Quality Education"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1525479493","https://openalex.org/W1976633635","https://openalex.org/W2396436470","https://openalex.org/W1970064489","https://openalex.org/W4241622628","https://openalex.org/W1991894391","https://openalex.org/W2070829827","https://openalex.org/W2078502149","https://openalex.org/W2022106528","https://openalex.org/W2380886523"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T14:22:42.915294","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}